B) Children with high self-esteem have greater initiative
Erikson's stage describing socioemotional development for people in middle and late childhood is called __________.
B) industry versus inferiority
Which of the following is an important developmental change in emotions during the elementary school years?
D) increased tendency to take into fuller account the events leading to emotional reactions
When 8-year-old Jenny states, "I know I will be able to read that book as long as I practice reading every night," she is demonstrating __________.
A) self-efficacy
_________ is the ability to manage one's behavior, emotions, and thoughts that lead to increased social competence and achievement.
D) Self-regulation
Which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development involves full internalization of moral values?
B) postconventional
According to Kohlberg, in the __________ stage, moral thinking is tied to punishment.
B) heteronomous morality
Carol Gilligan's central criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that __________.
A) he inadequately considers the care perspective
The belief that young girls should be "sugar and spice and everything nice" is a __________.
A) gender stereotype
Recent studies suggest that societal changes are leading females to be more __________.
B) assertive
According to your textbook, which of these statements regarding gender roles is TRUE?A)Researchers have found that high-masculinity adolescent boys never engage in problem behaviors.
B)Pollack suggests that boys actually benefit from bottling up their feelings.
C)Bem argues that androgynous individuals are more competent.
D)Masculine and androgynous orientations might be less desirable in traditional academic and work settings because of the achievement demands in these contexts.
C)Bem argues that androgynous individuals are more competent.
When examining children's peer status, we find that __________ children are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked.
B) controversial
_____ children engage in low rates of interaction with their peers and are often described as shy by their peers.
A) Neglected
Jacob finds his relationship with Akira exciting and amusing. Which function of friendship does their relationship fulfill?
B) stimulation
Which of the following is NOT a special problem faced by schools in low-income neighborhoods?
A) more experienced teachers who have become bored
To improve relations between ethnically diverse students, Eliot Aronson suggested __________.
A) using cooperative techniques of a jigsaw classroom
The __________ approach is a learner-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher.
B) constructivist
One of the key criticisms of the constructivist approach to teaching and learning is that it:
C) does not give enough attention to the content of a discipline.
In a __________ mindset, children believe that their qualities can change and improve through effort.
C) growth
Pat is described as assertive, nurturing, powerful, and sensitive. Pat's gender role classification would best be described as __________.
