-
The ability of Staphylococcus epidermidis to colonize an indwelling medical device is associated with the ability to produce which of the following?
A.Catalase
B.Slime layer
C.Pigment on blood agar.
D.Beta lactamase
B.Slime layer
-
Three sets of blood cultures were drawn on a patient. One aerobic culture of the three was found to have coagulase negative Staph growing on the 5th day of incubation. This probably indicates:
A.Patient had low grade bacteremia.
B.The organism is likely a contaminant.
C.The sub-cultured plates were contaminated.
D.A subculture should have been done sooner.
B.The organism is likely a contaminant.
-
In the latex agglutination test for the presence of coagulase activity, there are 2 components of S. aureus that a positive test will detect. What are they?
A.Free coagulase, Protein A
B.Bound coagulase, Catalase
C.Free coagulase, Teichoic acid
D.Bound coagulase, Protein A
D.Bound coagulase, Protein A
-
On a Gram stain, if an MLT saw Gram positive cocci, it could be ____ or ____, and you could tell the difference between the two by the ____ test.
A.Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, coagulase.
B.Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, coagulase.
C.Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, catalase.
D.Streptococcus, Enterococcus, catalase
C.Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, catalase.
-
Which of the following is true of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
A.Lancet shaped diplococci
B.Alpha hemolytic
C.Optochin (P) disc sensitive
D.All of the above.
D.All of the above.
-
A patient presents with lower quadrant pain and elevated WBC on urinalysis. The urine culture only had growth on the blood plate, not the MacConkey plate. Gram stain indicated Gram positive cocci, which was found to be PYR positive and able to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile salts. The organism was:
A.Streptococcus pyogenes
B.Streptococcus pneumoniae
C.Enterococcus faecalis
D.Streptococcus bovis
C.Enterococcus faecalis
-
If a known Strep is beta hemolytic and sensitive to Bacitracin, to which Lancefield group would it belong?
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
A.A
-
If a known Strep is beta hemolytic and has a positive CAMP test, to which Lancefield group would it belong?
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
B.B
-
Which of the following may be used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from another Staphylococcus species?
A.Slide coagulase
B.Tube coagulase
C.DNase
D.All of the above
-
What Gram positive coccus is catalase +, DNase +, and may be beta hemolytic on blood agar?
A.S. aureus
B.S. saprophyticus
C.S. pyogenes
D.S. bovis
A.S. aureus
-
Which organism is often indicated in neonatal sepsis?
A.S. pneumoniae
B.S. agalactiae
C.S. bovis
D.S pyogenes
B.S. agalactiae
-
A 5 year old has meningitis, confirmed by her CSF being positive for an alpha hemolytic organism. On the Gram stain, it appears to be lancet shaped diplococci, but it appears gram negative. What organism is this?
A.Neisseria meningitidis
B.Haemophilus influenzae
C.Streptococcus pneumoniae
D.No organism fits this criteria
D.No organism fits this criteria
-
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the family Enterobacteriaceae?
A.Cytochrome oxidase negative
B.Ferment lactose
C.Catalase positive
D.GNB on Gram stain
-
The TSI (KIA) medium shows ferrous sulfide precipitation, obscuring the color of the TSI butt completely. How should this reaction be interpreted?
A.Assume it to be acid,since H2S cannot be produced otherwise
B.Cannot be read, repeat test
C.Produced gas, report as aerogenic GNB
D.Reincubation is needed to complete the reaction.
A.Assume it to be acid,since H2S cannot be produced otherwise
-
What describes a positive citrate reaction?
A.Green slant, growth present
B.Blue slant, green butt
C.Yellow slant, red butt
D.A and B
E.A and C
B.Blue slant, green butt
-
After 18 hours of incubation at 35C, an MIO test demonstrated the following: Visible stab line (growth only on the stab line), Control tube yellow, Test tube yellow, Red-pink color after adding reagent. How should this be reported?
A.Non-motile,ornithine --, indole --
B.Motile,ornithine +,indole +
C.Non-motile,ornithine --,indole +
D.Motile,ornithine--,indole--
C.Non-motile,ornithine --,indole +
-
Which of the following is produced when the bacterial enzyme tryptophanase breaks down the amino acid tryptophan?
A.Glucose
B.H2S
C.Indole
D.Urea
C.Indole
-
Identify the organism based on the following reactions: GNB, cytochrome oxidase--, lactose--, Indole--, Swarming on TSA or BAP
A. E. coli
B. Proteus mirabilis
C. Klebsiella pneumoniae
D. Salmonella typhi
B. Proteus mirabilis
-
Enterobacteriaceae that produce acetyl-methyl-carbinol (acetoin) produce a positive...
A.Indole test
B.Methyl Red test
C.Oxidase test
D.Voges-Proskauer test
D.Voges-Proskauer test
-
What organism causes bacillary dysentary and has no known animal reservoirs?
A. Shigella spp.
B. Salmonella spp.
C. E. coli O157
D. Yersinia pestis
A. Shigella spp.
-
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an endotoxin?
A. Contains antigenic determinants
B. Excreted by the bacteria
C. Part of the LPS layer
D. Gives a + LAL test
B. Excreted by the bacteria
-
A GNB has produced an A/A TSI. What sugars have been fermented?
A. Glucose, sucrose, and/or lactose
B. Lactose, glucose, and/or maltose
C. Sucrose, lactose, and/or fructose
D. Maltose, glucose, and/or sucrose
- A. Glucose, sucrose, and/or lactose
-
Which of the following is Methyl Red positive?
A. Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Serratia marcescens
C. Escherichia coli
D. Enterobacter aerogenes
C. Escherichia coli
-
Identify the TSI reactions for Morganella morganii.
A. A/A, gas+,H2S+
B. A/A, gas+,H2S--
C. K/A, gas--,H2S+
D. K/A, gas+,H2S--
D. K/A, gas+,H2S--
-
Which of the following is the bacterial species most commonly recovered in the entire clinical laboratory, and has been identified in infectious diseases involving almost every part of the human body?
A. Salmonella spp.
B. Klebsiella pneumoniae
C. Escherichia coli
D. Proteus mirabilis
C. Escherichia coli
-
What organism has a natural habitat associated with surface and potable waters and is never transferred person to person?
A. Legionella pneumophilia
B. Bordetella pertussis
C. Campylobacter jejuni
D. Cardiobacterium hominis
A. Legionella pneumophilia
-
Which of the following organisms is a prevalent pathogen in subgingival plaques, oxidase+, catalase--, pits blood agar plates approximately half the time, and possesses a distinctly "bleachy" odor?
A. Cardiobacterium hominis
B. Eikenella corrodens
C. Vibrio cholerae
D. Aeromonas hydrophila
B. Eikenella corrodens
-
A female is in the ER with an infected leg, she acquired the injury while swimming in the ocean. The organism is beta hemolytic on BAP and cytochrome oxidase+. When gram stained, the organism has a curved GNB appearance. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this infection?
A. Cardiobacterium hominis
B. Helicobacter pylori
C. Vibrio cholera
D. Eikenella corrodens
C. Vibrio cholera
-
A 3 year old male is brought to a physician's office with a red eye showing purulent discharge. A culture of the eye is sent to the laboratory. Which of the following organisms is most likely causing the infection?
A. Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius
B. Haemophilus influenzae type b
C. Haemophilus aphrophilus
D. Haemophilus parainfluenzae
A. Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius
-
Which of the following is true of Haemophilus species?
A. Tiny,pleomorphic GNB
B. Requires X and/or V factors
C. Tiny, pinpoint colonies
on CHOC
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
-
Which of the following organisms is not considered a HACEK organism?
A. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
B. Campylobacter jejuni
C. Eikenella corrodens
D. Kingella sp.
B. Campylobacter jejuni
-
Which of the following is the most appropriate agar for isolating Bordetella pertussis?
A. Regan-Lowe agar
B. Triple sugar iron agar
C. BCYE agar
D. TCBS agar
A. Regan-Lowe agar
-
Which of the following is the most appropriate agar for isolating Legionella pneumophila?
A. Regan-Lowe agar
B. Triple sugar iron agar
C. BCYE agar
D. TCBS agar
C. BCYE agar
-
Which of the following is the most appropriate agar for isolating Vibrio cholerae?
A. Regan-Lowe agar
B. Triple sugar iron agar
C. BCYE agar
D. TCBS agar
-
Which of the following diseases is caused by Brucella species?
A. Tularemia
B. Pontiac fever
C. LJP
D. Undulant fever
-
Which of the following organisms is a GNB in a "gull's wings" formation, cytochrome oxidase+, microaerophilic, and grows at 42 C?
A. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
B. Campylobacter jejuni
C. Eikenella corrodens
D. Kingella spp.
B. Campylobacter jejuni
-
How can Francisella tularensis be transmitted?
A. Rabbit bite
B. Inhalation
C. Ticks, flies, mosquitoes
D. All of the above
-
Which of the following organisms is a small, curved, plump GNB, cytochrome oxidase+, catalase+, and urease+?
A. Cardiobacterium hominis
B. Helicobacter pylori
C. Vibrio cholera
D. Eikenella corrodens
B. Helicobacter pylori
-
What organism is a GN coccobacilli, cytochrome oxidase+, catalase+, indole+, that grows on BAP and CHOC but not MAC, and curiously looks like Haemophilus but is NOT Haemophilus?
A. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
B. Campylobacter jejuni
C. Eikenella corrodens
D. Pasteurella multocida
D. Pasteurella multocida
-
The following results were obtained from a culture of unknown origin: Gram stain = Gram negative diplococci, Indophenol oxidase++, Glucose++, Maltose--,Sucrose--. The most likely source of the specimen would be the:
A. Respiratory tract
B. Blood
C. Genitourinary tract
D. Cerebrospinal fluid
C. Genitourinary tract
-
A urethral swab obtained from a man with a urethral exudate was plated directly on CHOC and modified Thayer-Martin agar, and lture pla Gram stain was made. The Gram stain showed Gram negative diplococci. The culture plates were incubated at 35C but had no growth at 48 hrs. The most likely failure for organism growth is that the:
A. Wrong media were used
B. Gram stain was misread
C. Organism only grows at RT or cooler
D. Organism requires CO2 for growth
- D. Organism requires CO2 for growth
-
A Gram stain performed on a sputum specimen revealed Gram negative diplococci within PMNs. Oxidase testing is positive and carbohydrate degradation tests were inert. The organism is:
A. Neisseria lactamica
B. Moraxella catarrhalis
C. Neisseria meningitidis
D. Neisseria sicca
B. Moraxella catarrhalis
-
Clinical resistance to penicillin correlates most frequently with beta-lactamase production in:
A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
B. Neisseria meningitidis
C. Streptococcus agalactiae
D. Streptococcus pyogenes
A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-
Which of the following is the most reliable test to differentiate Neisseria lactamica from Neisseria meningitidis?
A. Acid from maltose
B. Growth on modified Thayer-Martin agar
C. Lactose degradation
D. Nitrite reduction to nitrogen gas
C. Lactose degradation
-
An autopsy performed on an 8 year old child revealed Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. Blood and throat cultures taken just prior to death were positive for which organism?
A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
B. Neisseria meningitidis
C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. Klebsiella pneumoniae
- B. Neisseria meningitidis
-
Which organism commonly causes food poisoning by consumption of foods containing excessive populations of organisms or preformed enterotoxin?
A. Salmonella enteritidis
B. Shigella sonnei
C. Bacillus cereus
D. Escherichia coli
-
An organism recovered from a sputum has the following characteristics: C
Culture= Growth at 7 days on Lowenstein-Jensen agar, incubated under aerobic conditions with CO2 at 35C
Gram stain= Delicate branching gram positive bacilli
Acid Fast Stain= Branching,filamentous, "partially" acid fast bacterium.
These results are consistent with which of the following genera?
A. Nocardia
B. Mycobacterium
C. Actinomyces
D. Streptomyces
-
The best procedure to differentiate Listeria monocytogenes from Corynebacterium species is:
A. Catalase
B. Motility at 25°C
C. Motility at 35°C
D. Gram stain
B. Motility at 25°C
-
Which feature distinguishes Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from other clinically significant non-spore-forming, gram positive, facultatively anaerobic bacilli?
A. "Tumbling" motility
B. Beta-hemolysis
C. More pronounced motility at 25°C than 37°C
D. H2S production
D. H2S production
-
After 18 hours of incubation at 35C there is no growth on MAC, but 3+ growth on BAP. The colonies were nonhemolytic, nonmotile, 4-5mm in diameter and off-white with a ground glass appearance. Each colony had an irregular edge with comma-shaped outgrowths that stood up like "beaten egg whites" when gently lifted with an inoculating needle. Gram stain of a typical colony showed large, gram+ rectangular bacilli. This organism is most likely:
A. Clostridium perfringens
B. Aeromonas hydrophila
C. Bacillus anthracis
D. Mycobacterium marinum
-
Gram stain of a thigh wound showed many Gram positive spore-forming bacilli. The specimen was placed on brain heart infusion blood agar and incubated aerobically at 35C for 3 days. At the end of that time, the plates showed no growth. The most likely explanation is that some of the specimen should have been incubated:
A. On chocolate agar
B. For 5 days
C. Under 5% CO2
D. Anaerobically
D. Anaerobically
-
Which of the following pairs of organisms usually grow on Kanamycin, vancomycin, laked blood agar?
A. Bacteroides and Prevotella
B. Mobiluncus and Gardnerella
C. Porphyromonas and Enterococcus
D. Veillonella and Capnocytophaga
A. Bacteroides and Prevotella
-
Propionibacterium acnes is most often associated with:
A. Normal oral flora
B. Post-antibiotic diarrhea
C. Tooth decay
D. Blood culture contamination
D. Blood culture contamination
-
The etiologic agent of botulism is:
A. Highly motile
B. Non-spore forming
C. Clostridium perfringens
D. An exotoxin producer
D. An exotoxin producer
-
The reverse CAMP test, lecithinase production, double zone hemolysis, and gram stain morphology are all useful criteria in the identification of:
A. Clostridium perfringens
B. Streptococcus agalactiae
C. Propionibacterium acnes
D. Bacillus anthracis
A. Clostridium perfringens
-
Which of the following genera include anaerobic, gram negative, non-sporulating bacilli?
A. Brucella
B. Pasteurella
C. Actinomyces
D. Bacteroides
D. Bacteroides
-
Endogenous bacteria would most likely be found:
A. In a jar of honey
B. In the crevices between your teeth
C. In the much on a riverbank
D. In a container of rancid potato salad
B. In the crevices between your teeth
-
Which of the following in not indicative of an anaerobic infection?
A. Abundance of pus
B. Foul smell
C. Gas production
D. Profuse bleeding
D. Profuse bleeding
-
Associated with broad spectrum antibiotic use:
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Clostridium difficile
C. Clostridium perfringens
D. Clostridium tetani
B. Clostridium difficile
-
Causes "Floppy Baby" Syndrome:
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Clostridium difficile
C. Clostridium perfringens
D. Clostridium tetani
A. Clostridium botulinum
-
Produces most potent exotoxin known to man:
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Clostridium difficile
C. Clostridium perfringens
D. Clostridium tetani
A. Clostridium botulinum
-
Spores resemble a drumstick or tennis racket:
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Clostridium difficile
C. Clostridium perfringens
D. Clostridium tetani
D. Clostridium tetani
-
Most commonly involved in gas gangrene:
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Clostridium difficile
C. Clostridium perfringens
D. Clostridium tetani
C. Clostridium perfringens
-
Causes a disease associated with a characteristic grin, termed "Risus sardonicus."
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Clostridium difficile
C. Clostridium perfringens
D. Clostridium tetani
D. Clostridium tetani
-
Rarely causes disease in the U.S. due to the DPT vaccine:
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Clostridium difficile
C. Clostridium perfringens
D. Clostridium tetani
D. Clostridium tetani
-
Many fungal infections are transmitted to man via inhalation of infectious structures. Which of the following is usually contracted in this manner?
A. Sporothrix schenkii
B. Trichophyton rubrum
C. Malassezia furfur
D. Histoplasma capsulatum
D. Histoplasma capsulatum
-
An organism that demonstrates budding yeast cells with wide capsules in an India ink preparation of spinal fluid is probably:
A. Cryptococcus neoformans
B. Histoplasma capsulatum
C. Blastomyces dermatitidis
D. Candida albicans
A. Cryptococcus neoformans
-
The formation of germ tubes presumptively identifies:
A. Candida tropicalis
B. Candida parapsilosis
C. Candida glabrata
D. Candida albicans
D. Candida albicans
-
The most sensitive test for the initial diagnosis of cryptococcal disease is:
A. India ink
B. Gram stain
C. Cryptococcal antigen
D. Giemsa stain
C. Cryptococcal antigen
-
Which of the following is a dimorphic fungus?
A. Sporothrix schenkii
B. Candida albicans
C. Cryptococcus neoformans
D. Aspergillus fumigatus
A. Sporothrix schenkii
-
A bronchial washing is processed for acid-fast bacilli. Which of the following precautions should be taken in order to prevent infection of laboratory personnel?
A. Add an equal amount of NALC to the specimen
B. Process all specimens under ultraviolet light
C. Centrifuge the specimen only after the addition of preservative
D. Process all specimens in a biological safety hood
D. Process all specimens in a biological safety hood
-
A positive niacin test is most characteristic of Mycobacterium?
A. chelonae
B. marinum
C. tuberculosis
D. xenopi
C. Tuberculosis
-
In a suspected case of Hansen disease (leprosy), a presumptive diagnosis is established by:
A. Isolation of organisms on Lowenstein-Jensen medium
B. Detection of weakly acid-fast bacilli in infected tissue
C. Isolation of organisms in a cell culture
D. Detection of niacin production by the isolated bacterium
B. Detection of weakly acid-fast bacilli in infected tissue
-
The best medium for culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is:
A. Bordet-Gengou agar
B. Loeffler medium
C. Lowenstein-Jensen medium
D. Cystine blood agar
C. Lowenstein-Jensen medium
-
Artifacts found in a stool specimen that can be confused with ova or cysts are:
A. Partially digested meat fibers
B. Degenerated cells from the gastrointestinal mucosa
C. Dried chemical stains
D. Pollen grains
D. Pollen grains
-
A 27 year old scuba driver has an abrasion on his left thigh. A culture of this wound grew an acid-fast organism at 30C. This isolate is most likely:
A. Mycobacterium chelonae
B. Mycobacterium marinum
C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D. Mycobacterium xenopi
B. Mycobacterium marinum
-
The best method to demonstrate the ova of Enterobius vermicularis is:
A. Acid-ether concentration
B. Cellophane tape preparation
C. Formalin-ether concentration
D. Zinc sulfate flotation
B. Cellophane tape preparation
-
The causative agent of cysticercosis is:
A. Taenia solium
B. Taenia saginata
C. Ascaris lumbricoides
D. Trichuris trichiura
A. Taenia solium
-
The scolex of Taenia saginata has:
A. 4 suckers
B. No suckers and 14 hooklets
C. 24 hooklets
D. 26-28 sucking discs
-
"ground glass" appearance
inhalation/cutaneous/gastrointestinal
large boxcar shaped GPR
grows on BAP, CA, and CNA
Bacillus anthracis
-
Small GNCB
grows on BAP/CA
endemic to SE Asia and Australia
causes glanders
Burkholderia mallei
-
GNCB
Grows on BAP/CA/MAC
"earthy odor"
Causes melioidosis
Burkholderia pseudomallei
-
Isolated from wounds, lymph nodes, blood, & sputum.
Causes "rabbit fever"
Transmitted by rabbits
Looks like Haemophilus
Francisela tularensis
-
Transmitted by flea of rodents
Caused the plague
GNB
Grows on BAP/CA/MAC
Colony has "fried egg" appearance
Yersinia pestis
-
Transmitted by ingestion of unpasteurized milk, aerosols, and skin breaks
Grows on BAP/CA
GNCB
Endemic to Mexico
Most common laboratory infection
Brucella spp.
-
Gram-negative bacilli
Cytochrome oxidase negative
Glucose fermenters
Reduce nitrates to nitrites
Catalase positive
Most are motile by peritrichous flagella
Enteric Trends
-
Gram positive cocci in clusters
Catalase positive
Coagulase positive
DNase positive
Beta-hemolytic on BAP
Staphylococcus aureus
-
Name the Gram positive organism most associated with infections involving foreign bodies
Staph epi- creates a slime layer on artificial heart valves causing endocarditis
-
GPC in pairs
Lancet shape
Alpha hemolytic on BAP
May cause: pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis
Strep pneumo
-
Throat swab culture
GPC
Beta hemolytic on BAP
Bacitracin sensitive
CAMP negative
May cause: Acute pharyngitis, Necrotizing fasciitis
Strep pyogenes
-
Lancefield Group A
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
Lancefield Group B
Streptococcus agalactiae
-
Lancefield Group D
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
GPC
CAMP positive
Beta hemolytic on BAP
Bacitracin resistant
May cause: Neonatal meningitis & sepsis
Streptococcus agalactiae
-
What are the 2 enteric genera and 1 specific organism that are NOT motile?
- Klebsiella
- Shigella
- Yersinia pestis
-
Which 3 enteric genera will cause a positive Voges-Proskauer (VP) test?
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
- Serratia
-
What 4 enterics do NOT produce gas?
- Salmonella typhi
- Shigella
- Yersinia
- Providencia
-
What is the compound produced that is responsible for a positive Voges-Proskauer test?
Acetoin
-
Which Salmonella species is somatic Group D positive, with the Vi capsular antigen?
Salmonella typhi
-
What one test can differentiate Yersinia pestis and Yersinia enterocolitica?
Yersinia pestis is non-motile and Yersinia enterocolitica is motile.
-
Tiny pleomorphic GN coccobacilli
Requires X and/or V factors
Haemophilus
-
Which Haemophilus species requires both X and V factors for growth?
Haemophilus influenzae
-
Of all the Haemophilus spp., which one (with serotype) is the most pathogenic, and why has its incidence of infection been drastically decreased in young children since 1985?
- Haemophilus influenzae type b
- Anti-type b H. influenzae vaccine
-
Which H. influenzae biogroup can cause a particularly contagious case of pink eye?
Haemophilus aegyptius
-
Which Haemophilus species causes chancroid?
Haemophilus ducreyi
-
GNCB
Oxidase negative
Mousy odor
Grows on CHOC only
Haemophilus influenzae
-
What is the normal habitat for Aeromonas species?
Fresh water
-
Gram negative bacilli
Oxidase positive
Lactose fermenter
Indole positive
Found in fresh water
Aeromonas
-
Name the HACEK organisms
- Haemophilus aphrophilus
- Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
- Cardiobacterium hominis
- Eikenella corrodens
- Kingella kingae
-
Where are H. aphrophilus and H. paraphrophilus usually found?
Upper respiratory tract
-
What HACEK organism does not require X and/or V factor to grow, and may grow on sheep blood agar?
Haemophilus aphrophilus
-
Which two biochemical tests can distinguish A. actinomycetemcomitans from H. aphrophilus?
- A. actinomycetemcomitans = Catalase++ and Lactose--
- H. aphrophilus= Catalase--, Lactose++
-
Which two biochemical tests can distinguish A. actinomycetemcomitans from C. hominis?
- A. actinomycetemcomitans= Catalase++ and Indole--
- C. hominis= Catalase-- and Indole++
-
Which two biochemical tests can distinguish A. actinomycetemcomitans from Kingella species?
- A. actinomycetemcomitans=Catalase++ and Nitrite++
- Kingella species= Catalase-- and Nitrite--
-
What common selective media do many HACEK organisms NOT grow?
MacConkey agar
-
What HACEK organism pits agar media, has a distinctive bleach-like odor, and is asaccharolytic (producing no acid from glucose)?
Eikenella corrodens
-
Which Kingella species is especially significant pathogen in children?
Kingella kingae
-
Which Kingella species can grow on Modified Thayer-Martin agar and might be misidentified as Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Kingella kingae
-
What is the target organism for Regan-Lowe media? What type of blood does it contain?What critical component is within the media to detoxify the specimen so that the target organism may grow?
- Bordetella pertussis
- Contains horse blood
- Contains antibiotic cephalexin and antifungal amphotericin B.
-
True or False: Humans are the only known hosts for Bordetella pertussis.
True
-
What is the biggest disease concern caused by Bordetella pertussis?
Whooping cough
-
What Bordetella organism can cause kennel cough in dogs?
Bordetella bronchiseptica
-
What is absolutely required when working with cultures suspected of containing Brucella species?
Level 2 Bio-safety cabinet
-
What organism causes the disease in horses known as Glanders?
Burkholderia mallei
-
What well-known nosocomial pathogen and aerobic organism is commonly found wth liquid reservoirs, moist environments, ventilator - associated pneumonias, cystic fibrosis patients, and in the past has been linked to outbreaks from contaminated alcohol-free mouthwash?
Burkholderia cepacia
-
What are the criteria necessary to presumptively identify Campylobacter jejuni?
- Gram negative bacilli,curved rods, "gulls wings"
- CO positive
- Growth at 42C
- Microaerophilic in CAMPY gas bag
- Hippurate hydrolysis ++
-
What disease is caused by Francisella tularensis?
Rabbit fever, tuluremia
-
How is Francisella tularensis transmitted?
Inhalation of aerosols
-
Small, curved, GNB
Catalase++
Oxidase++
Urease++
Found in gastric biopsy
Helicobacter pylori
-
What are the two major illnesses caused by Legionella pneumophila?
- Legionnaires disease
- Pontiac fever
-
What is the target organism of BCYE media?
- Legionella pneumophila
- Buffered-Charcoal-Yeast extract
- Contains cystine
- Legionella pneumophila will turn the media blue/green and it will be glistening/shiny
-
Gram negative coccobacilli
Indole++
Oxidase++
MacConkey--
Catalase++
Looks like Haemophilus
Pasteurella
-
Pasteurella multocida is most often associated with what type of infection?
Deep tissue infection
-
GNR
Oxidase++
Lactose--
Nitrite++
Grape like odor
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-
For what enzyme must Neisseria species always be tested?
Beta lactamase
-
Glucose++
Maltose--
Lactose--
Sucrose--
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-
Glucose++
Maltose++
Lactose--
Sucrose--
Neisseria meningitidis
-
Glucose++
Maltose++
Lactose++
Sucrose--
Neisseria lactamica
-
Glucose++
Maltose++
Lactose--
Sucrose++
Neisseria sicca
-
Glucose--
Maltose--
Lactose--
Sucrose--
Moraxella catarrhalis
-
What does Neisseria meningitidis cause?
Meningococcal meningitis
-
What unique term has been used to describe Moraxella catarrhalis colonies, and why is it used?
Hockey puck, it slides on the agar
-
What distinctive term has been used to describe the colonies of Bacillus anthracis?
"medusa-head" colonies
-
What type of infection is Bacillus cereus most commonly associated with?
Food poisoning
-
Describe the characteristic arrangement is present on a Gram stain containing Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Chinese lettering
-
What is the most prevalent normal organism present in the female vaginal area?
Lactobacillus
-
Describe the Gram stain morphology of Gardnerella vaginalis.
Gram-variable rod
-
What 3 specific patient populations are at particular risk for Listeria monocytogenes infections?
- Pregnant women
- Babies
- Immunocompromised
-
What is the optimal temperature for Listeria to grow?
- Room temp 25C
- Can grow at 4C (unique)
-
Describe Listeria monocytogenes motility.
- Umbrella at 25C
- Tumbling on a wet mount
-
Which genus of bacteria is considered partially acid-fast?
Nocardia
-
List four indications of an anaerobic infection in the body.
- Foul smell
- Gas production
- Purulence
- Tissue necrosis
-
What is the clinical significance of clue cells?
Gardnerella vaginalis
-
What is the anaerobe known for its double zone of hemolysis?
Clostridium perfringens
-
Which anaerobe genus commonly seen in the lab tends to be present on post-surgical gastrointestinal specimens, especially in patients with appendicitis?
Peptostreptococcus
-
What specific reaction is used to identify Clostridium perfringens?
Reverse CAMP test
-
What disease is most often associated with Clostridium botulinum?
Botulism
-
What is the most potent exotoxin known to exist?
Clostridium botulism
-
What disease is most often associated with Clostridium tetani?
- Tetanus
- Risus sardonicus-characteristic grin
-
What disease is most often associated with Clostridium difficile?
Antibiotic associated diarrhea from broad spectrum antibiotic use
-
Define the term "dimorphic fungus?
It has a yeast and mold state
-
What organism causes Rose Gardner's Disease?
Sporothrix schenkii (dimorphic fungi)
-
What four main organisms cause malaria?
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium vivax
-
Which mycobacterial organism will not survive outside a host and cannot be cultured?
Mycobacterium leprae is diagnosed by infected tissue showing positive AFB, it is not growable
-
Pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis
-
Pork tapeworm
Taenia solium
-
Why are mycobacteria not easily stained by the Gram stain technique?
- They have a high lipid content in the cell wall,
- Carbol fuchsin is the primary stain
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