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Host to Microbial Division
- 8/10 veterbrate organ systems appear to have coevolved with microbesÂ
- 1:10 cells (1013 host cells:1014 bacterial cells)
- 1:1 gene number (Hosts have 30,000 per cell, microbes 3,000)
- 1:200 gene diversity
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Systems in which Microbiota has effect:
Immune, Circulatory, Digestive, Neuroendocrine, Excretory, Musculoskeletal, integumentary, adipose
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Steps of Horizontally Acquired Symbiosis
Establishment, Development, Stability
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Establishment
Microbiota acquired at birth (usually from parent)
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Development
Microbiota changes throughout childhood to better function with the changing organ systems, ecological succession occurs.
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Stability
Sustained partner exchange, homeostatis resilience/robustness
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Pathogenesis represents what in terms of the normal microbiota
- An imbalance
- Intrinsic forces are imbalances caused by genetics
- Extrinsic forces are imbalances caused by abiotic (antibiotics, pollutants, hormones) and biotic (invasive species can be or not be coevoleved)
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Simple experimental models
Hydras, Medicinal leech, Bobtail squid, Zebrafish
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Hydra are used to study
Establishment
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Which species colonize a hydra depends on
Species
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Hydra's epithelium is full of:
Antimicrobial peptides
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