blood, lymph and immune system

red blood cells, remain in bloodstream

white blood cells

platelets

liquid portion of blood

bone marrow, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis, and ends of long bones in arms and legs

developed blood cells to their mature form

erythrocytes

RBCs decrease in size and develop hemoglobin

carries oxygen to body tissue and exchanges it for CO2

about 120 days then rupture releasing hemoglobin and cell fragments

• protect body from pathogens and foreign substances
• remove debris from injured tissue
• aid in healing process

endothelial walls of capillaries and venules and enter tissue spaces.

process how WBC migrate

• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils

arise in bone marrow but mature in lymph tissues

• monocytes
• lymphocytes

smallest formed elements found in blood.

soluble blood protein

fluid resulting from when fibrinogen and clotting elements are removed from plasma

• A
• B
• AB
• O

• lymph (fluid)
• lymph vessels
• nodes
• spleen
• thymus
• tonsils

• maintaining fluid balance
• transporting lipids away from digestive organs
• filtering and removing unwanted or infectious products in lymph nodes

closed ended capillaries in tissue spaces

fluid that seeps from blood capillaries and resembles plasma but contains less protein

microscopic vessels

vessels from the right chest and arm join right lymphatic duct

major vessel in cardiovascular system where the right lymphatic duct drains

lymph from all other areas of body enters here

where the rest of the lymph drains after going through thoracic duct

• resembles a lymph node
• acts as filter by removing cellular debris, bacteria, parasites and other infectious agents
• also destroys old RBCs and serves as respiratory for healthy blood cells

• located in upper part of chest
• partially controls immune system by transforming lympohcytes into T cells to function in immune system

• masses of lymphatic tissue located in pharynx
• act as filters to protect upper respiratory structures from invasion by pathogens

work together to protect against disease

• keep pathogens from entering the body
• includes skin and mucous membranes, tears, saliva, and gastric secretions

• protect body once pathogens have gained entry
• includes phagocytic cells and inflammation

• B cells
• T cells

formed and mature in bone marrow then migrate to lymph system

• formed in bone marrow but migrate to thymus where they mature before entering lymph system
• responsible for cellular immunity

protects against bacteria and viruses that have not yet entered a cell

clone of cells called plasma cells

highly specific proteins called antibodies

• plasma
• tissue fluid
• lymph

protects against viruses and cancer cells

• cytotoxic
• helper
• suppressor
• memory

• destroys invading antigen
• determines antigens weakness and uses weakness as point of attack

• essential to proper functioning of humoral and cellular immunity
• uses cytokines to activate, direct and regulate activity of other components

• monitors the progression of infections
• when infection resolves, T cell shuts down immune response

find way to lymph system and remain their long after encounter with antigen, ready for combat if antigen reappears

branch of medicine that studies blood cells, blood clotting mechanisms, bone marrow and lymph nodes

branch of medicine involving disorders of the immune system