Chemiosmosis / ATP Synthesis

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Electron transport chain - Machinery:
- * Four Enzymes in the mitochondrial inner membrane:
- -NaDH
- -Bc1 complex
- -Cytochrome oxidase complex
- - Succinate dehydrogenase
- *Two electron carriers
- - Ubiquinone and cytochrome C
Electron transport chain
NADH and FADH₂ need to be converted to ATP

Where:
inner membrane of the mitocondria
- How:
- -NADH and FADH₂ = oxydized n allow transporters to pump H+ across membrane
- - Generate electrical current ( charge / across the membrane from H⁺ being pump out of mitochondria)
- - H⁺ flow through ATP synthase
Chemiosmosis
- NADH and FADH₂ both donate 2e^-
- NADH -> NADH dehydrogenase
- FADH -> bc1 complex
These high-energy e- re transferred from complexes w low e- affinity ^{(NADH dehydrogenase)}to those w higher affinity ^{(cytochrome oxidase complex)}
Chemiosmosis

Reduction of complexes allows H⁺ to be pumped out of matrix to inner membrane space, creating a charge gradient and H⁺gradient.

Succinate dehydrogenase _{^{(last step of energy harvest II in krebs)}} reduces ubiquinone using FADH_² as an electron carrier.
ATP Synthase
F₀is a rotor that is powered by H^₊. Rotation turns F_i through a stator.
- Fi has a 3alpha n 3beta subunits.
- - _{sub units bind ADP and Pi^- force them together to make ATP ( lose, tight, open conformation)}
- F_i creates ATP as it turns.
- - 3.33 ATP per revolution or 10H⁺
Aerobic respiration
- Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor in the cytochrome oxydase
- - produces water (oxygen oxydize and water reduce)
Aerobic respiration
- Methanogens (archaea)
- - reduce CO2 to methane
- - Habitat: 1/3 of human's intestines, landfills and swamps.
- Sulfate-resducing bacteria (SRB)
- - reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide
- - sour gas

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Card Set

Chemiosmosis / ATP Synthesis

Description

Unit 2

Updated

2013-11-03T22:10:15Z