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Exam week 11

  1. solute
    a substance that dissolves in a fluid
  2. Solutes can be ________ or _______
    • crystalloids
    • colloids
  3. Crystalloids
    dissolve easily
  4. colloids
    take longer to dissolve

    made up of proteins or large molecules
  5. solvent
    the component of a solution that can dissolve the solute
  6. in the body water is the _______ and the ______ are electrolytes, oxygen, co2, glucose, proteins
    • water = solvent
    • solute
  7. what are the 4 processes of movement
    • osmosis
    • diffusion
    • filtration
    • active transport
  8. Osmosis
    movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from less concentrated side to more concentrated side to create balance
  9. an example of a hypertonoc solution is ______
    0.3% sodium chloride
  10. hypertonic solution causes ________
    water to be pulled from the cells into the vascular space
  11. an example of __________ is 0.9% NS
    isotonic solution
  12. Isotonic Solution  causes water to
    expands the body fluid without causes fluid shift from one compartment to another
  13. an example of hypotonic solution is
    45% NS
  14. Hypotonic solution causes
    pushes fluid into surrounding cells out of the vascular compartment
  15. hypertonis solution has a ______ osomotic pressure
    higher
  16. hypotonic solution has a ____ osmotic pressure
    lower
  17. newborn has ___ % of total body weight is water
    80%
  18. Adult Male has ___ % of total body weight is water
    60%
  19. Adult female has ___ % of total body weight is water
    50%
  20. filtration allows ______ and _____ to cross the semi-permeable membrane
    solvents and  solutes
  21. isotonic Solution
    • equal to blood
    • expands fluid without causing fluid shift from one compartment to another
  22. hypertonic
    • higher concentration = higher osmotic pressure than surrounding cells
    • Pulls fluid from cells and increases the fluid in the vascular compartment
  23. hypotonic
    • less concentrated= lower osmotic pressure than cells
    • Pushes fluid into the surroundimg cells and out od the vascular compartment
  24. phosphate function
    • essential for muscles, nerves and RBC
    • metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrates
  25. nursing intervention for high oe low phosphate
    specific to underlying cause
  26. phosphate normal
    1.8-2.6
  27. chloride function
    • regulate acid-base
    • major component in gastric juices
  28. low chloride
    • muscle twitching
    • tremors
    • tetany
  29. high chloride
    • acidosis risk
    • lethargy
    • weakness
    • risk dysrhythmias or coma
  30. nursing intervention for high magnesium
    • monitor LOC, VS
    • patellar reflex absent notify pcp
  31. nursing intervention low mag
    • seizure precautions
    • encourage green leafy veg
  32. mag high
    • n/v
    • hypotension
    • bradycardic
    • flushing
    • vasodilation
    • depressed tendon reflexes
  33. mag low
    • tachycardia
    • hypertension
    • increased heart rate
    • confusion
    • vertigo
    • seizure
  34. magnesium function
    • ICF Metabolism
    • needed for ATP production
    • neuromuscular and cardiac function
  35. calcium function
    • regulates muscle contraction anf relaxation
    • neuromuscular and cardiac function
  36. 3 electrolytes that maintain neuromuscular and cardiac function
    • Calcium
    • Potassium
    • Magnesium
  37. ECF
    • scc
    • sodium
    • chloride
    • calcium
  38. ICF
    • pmp
    • potassium
    • magnesium
    • phosphate
  39. equation to get drops per min
    • total volume x drop factor (gtt factor)
    • -------------------------------------------
    •   total time in min

    =drops per min
  40. normal pH
    7.35-7.45

    high B low A
  41. normal PCO2
    35-45

    high A low B
  42. normal HCO3
    22-26

    high b low a
  43. pH normal
    full compensation
  44. 3 abnormal
    partial comp
  45. norm bicarb or PCO2
    no compensation
  46. low calcium
    • numbness tingling extremities and around mouth
    • confusion
    • muscle spasms
    • convulsions
  47. pot low
    • dysrhythmias
    • decreased bowel sounds
    • muscle weakness
  48. pot high
    • confusion
    • decreased HR
    • cardiac arrest
  49. ANP
    • responds to hypervolemia causes sodium loss and inhibits thirst mechanism
    • flushes out sodium and water goes with it
  50. renin produces
    angiotension I which cause vasoconstriction
  51. ADH
    • antidiuretic hormone
    • causes temp drop in urine output
  52. FVD
    isotonic
  53. FVE
    isotonic
  54. overhydration
    osmolar
  55. dehydration
    osmolar
Author
alicia0309
ID
244714
Card Set
Exam week 11
Description
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Updated

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