social psych ch 8. conformity

the most powerful form of social influence produces ____ and occurs when an ____ figure gives an order

american culture stresses the importance of not ___

a change in ones behavior due to the real or imagined influence of other people

the ____ of the people around us serve as a ____ for how to respond

people sometimes choose to conform because they are scared of ____ or being ____

the influence of other people leads us to conform because we see them as a source of information to guide our behavior; we conform because we believe that others interpretation of an ambiguous situaton is more correct than ours and will help us choose an appropriate course of action

conforming to other peoples behavior, out of a genuine belief that what they are doing or saying is right

conforming to other peoples behavior publicly without necessarily believing in what the other people are doing or saying.

a variable that affects informational social influence: how ____ it is to the individual to be ____ at the task

when a persons safety is involved, the need for ____ is acute, the behavior of others is very important

the rapid spread of emotions of behaviors through a crowd

the occurrence in a group of people of smilar physical symptoms with no known physical cause

____ is the most crucial variable for determining how much people use each other as a source of _____

in a crisis situation we usually do not have time to stop and think about exactly which course of action to take, it is natural for us to see how other people are _____ and to do ____

typicaly, the more _____ or knowledge a persona has, the more _____ he or she will be as a guide in an ambiguous situation

the implicit or explicit rules a group has for the acceptable behaviors, values, and beliefs of its members

_____ have certain expectations about how the group members should _____, and members in good standings ___ to these rules

in groups, members who do not conform are perceived as _____, difficult, and eventually deviant

deviant group members are often _____, punished, or even _____ by other group members

the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked an accepted by them; this type of conformity results in public compliance with the groups beliefs and behaviors but not necessarily in private acceptance of those beliefs

people go along with the group even if they do not believe in what they are doing or think it is wrong

when people choose to give a correct answer that goes against a groups unanimous wrong answer the _____/_____ areas of the brain were not activated

brain imaging research shows that normative social influence occurs because people feel ____ emotions, such as ___ and tension when they go against a group

even amongst a group of ______, it is hard to go against the unanimous wrong answers

because the japanese culture is more conforming, normative pressure is much ____

the idea that conforming to social influence depends on the groups importance, its immediacy, and the number of people in the group

-strength : how important to you is the group
-immediacy: how close is the group to you in space and time during the attempt to unfluence you?
-number: how many people are in the group

normative pressures are much stronger when t hey come from people we cherish. a consequence from this is that

the tolerance a person earns, over time, by conforming to group norms; if enough idiosyncrasy credits are earned, the person can, on occasion, behave deviantly without retribution from the group

peoples perceptions of what behaviors are approved or disapproved of by other

peoples perceptions of how people actually behave in given situations, regardless of whether the behavior is approved or disapproved of by others

we are socialized, beginning as children, to ___ authority figures who we perceive as legitimate

we internalize the social norm of obedience such that we usually obey rules and laws even when the ____ figure isnt present

seeing peers ____ makes it much easier for people to _____ too

informational social influence is especially powerful when the situation is _____, when it is a ____, and when the other people in the situation have some ____

when an authorities definition of a situation becomes ____, the participants broke out of their conforming role

once people are follwing one norm, it can be hard to switch midstream or to realize that this is no longer ____

because people were asked to increase shocks in very small increments, subjects were ____ -____. at any given moment people only faced a small decision.

an effective way of reducing dissonance in the case of small increments of shock is ______

the loss of a sense of personal _____ for ones actions was a critical component of reducing dissonance, resulting in ______

three or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence each other

not only do people have a strong need to ___ to social groups, but they also have a need to feel _____ from those who do not belong to the same group

groups that are relatively small give us a sense of ______ with our fellow group members and also make us feel special and _____

an important function of groups is that they help us _____ who we are

groups also help establish social ____, explicit or implicit rules defining what is _____ behavior

group members tend  to be alike in ___, sex, ____ and opinions

groups tend to ____ people who are already ____ before they join

groups tend to ____ in ways that encourage similarity in the members

shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave

when members of a group follow a set of clearly ____ roles, they tend to be _____ and perform well