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what is gait cycle?
heel strike to heel strike of the same LE
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what is stride length?
the distance of the gait cycle
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what is the step length?
distance from heel strike to heel strike of opposite LE's
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what is the stance phase?
foot is in contact with the ground (referring to one side)
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heel strike to foot flat
foot pronation
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midstance
start of foot supination
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what is swing phase?
foot isn't in contact with ground
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double support
both feet in contact with the ground
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single support
one foot in contact with the ground
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percentage of gait cycle in double support
20%
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percentage of gait cycle in single support
80%
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What does heel strike include?(5)
- ankle in neutral
- slight knee flexion
- 25* hip flexion
- lower trunk rotation to opposite side
- contralateral arm movement to provide counter rotation of upper trunk
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another name for heel strike
initial contact
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what does foot flat include?(3)
- 15* of plantarflexion
- 20* of knee flexion
- hip moving into extension
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another name for foot flat?
loading response
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what does midstance include?(4)
- ankle in slight dorsiflexion
- knee extension
- hip extension
- trunk in neutral rotation
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what is midstance?
body passing over the weight-bearing foot
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what does heel-off include?(4)
- ankle from dorsiflexion to plantarflexion
- knee extension
- hip hyperextension
- lower trunk rotation to the same side
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what is another term for heel-off?
terminal stance
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toe-off does what?
signals beginning of swing phase
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toe-off is also termed...
pre-swing
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what does toe-off include?(3)
- ankle plantarflexion
- knee flexion
- hip flexion--(in comparison to where it was)
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Acceleration of swing phase includes what?(3)
- ankle dorsiflexion
- knee flexion
- hip flexion
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acceleration of swing phase is also called what?
Initial Swing
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Midswing of swing phase includes what?(3)
- ankle neutral
- knee flexion
- hip 25* flexion
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deceleration of swing phase includes what? (2)
- ankle neutral
- knee extending
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deceleration of swing phase is also called what?
terminal swing
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what is vertical displacement?
2 in. up and down from COG
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what is the width of walking base?
2 to 4 in. of heel separation
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What are the 3 phases in the Swing Phase?
- Acceleration, midswing, deceleration
- or
- initial swing, midswing, terminal swing
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Gluteus Maximus Gait appears as..
the trunk quickly shifting posteriorly at heel strike
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Gluteus Maximus Gait
- hip extensors limit hip flexion at heel strike
- maintenance of hip extension during stance phase
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Gluteus Medius gait appears as..
trunk shifting to affected side
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Gluteus Medius Gait
- Trendelenburg gait test
- opposite hip drops if weak glute med.
- pt's trunk sidebends to affected side as compensation
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Genu recurvatum Gait
- excessive knee hyperextension during the stance phase
- no deceleration during swing phase
- hamstring weakness
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Foot drop
- lack of ankle dorsiflexors
- forefoot strikes first
- lack of eccentric control of dorsiflexors
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typical treatment for foot drop
AFO
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Foot slap
heel strike but no control going into foot flat
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triceps surae weakness effects what muscles?
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triceps surae weakness
- no heel rise at push off
- short step length for unaffected side
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fusions
- Excessive motion occurs above and below the joints affected
- typically: cervical, lumbar, knee, ankle
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Hemiplegic Gait
- shifts body to uninvolved side
- circumducts affected limb
- strikes to flat foot
- decreased step length on unaffected side
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Ataxic Gait
- cerebellar involvement
- wide BOS
- unsteady/staggering movements
- difficulty knowing where their limbs are in space
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Parkinsonian Gait characteristics (3)
- trunk flexion
- decreased arm sing and stride length
- shuffling gait
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Scissors Gait characteristics
tight hip adductors
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Antalgic Gait
- Gait affected by pain
- -limps
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