which culture is associated with practice of immersing the body of the dead in earthen jars filled with honey or wax
babylonians
with which era are the years 30,000B.C to 6,000B.C associated with
Neolithic Period
the year associated with the Medieval Period are
600A.D to 1,850
tree burial was associated with what
North American Indians
the year 1628 is associated with which great event in the history of embalming
discovery of blood circulation
the one in Egypt known as God of the Underworld and Judge Dead was
osiris
the ones who created mummies that were referred to as "Xaxos" were the
gaunches
in Egyptian history, the walled suburb of a major city where embalming was performed was referred to as the
Necropolis
the earliest assumed state of man was depictive of which era
Eolithic
what culture were believed to have thrown their dead to hordes og wild dogs
mongolians
according to ancient Egyptian death beliefs, the element of the body which remained with the body in the grave and demanded attention form the living was the
ka
the most expensive method of Egyptian embalming consisted of 5 steps, the last of which was
bandaging and anointing
according to ancient Egyptian history, approximately what years required to complete the journey known at the "Circle of Necessity"
3,000
the term Sarcophagus refers to what
a coffin
which person is known to have skinned their dead as part of the body preparation procedure
North American Indians
the term "Tabona" referred to what
a flint stone knife
the Egyptian felt that the seat of intellect and emotion
heart
what did the Egyptians believe to be the Center of the Universe
the sun
how often did the inundation (overflowing) of the Nile River occur
once a year
Regarding the journey known as the Circle of Necessity
to the sun and back
who was the Greek historian known as the "Father of embalming"
herodotus
the "Guild of All Souls" was established in
London, England
the "Father of Modern Embalming" in the United States is
Dr. Thomas Holmes
in discussing the undertaking specialists of ancient Egypt, what was referred to as the priest
kher-heb
the Ba, Yakhu, the Name, the Heart, the Shadow, the Ka are elements of the body that were associated with what culture
Egyptian
Libitina and Libitinerius are funeral functionaries identified with what early culture
Romans
the "Crier" in Ancient Rome was also referred to as the
Praeco
the Cult of Dionysius is associated with what cultures
Ancient Greeks
the Elysian Fields death belief is associated with cultures
Ancient greeks
the Cult of Osiris identified with which early civilization
ancient Egyptian
the placing of various organs in canopic jars and embalming by class distinction was specifically associated with what early civilization
Ancient Egyptians
the "Designator" in ancient Rome was also referred to as the
Master of Ceremonies
the use of an "Effigy" become popularized during
middle- age
During the Middle Age, a waxed death masked was referred to as a(n)
effigy
the Great Plague of London took place during the
middle-ages
the Great Plague of London took place in
1664-1665
a sin-eater was associated with what culture
Middle-Ages
in discussing early American funerals, inviters to funerals and town undertakers were referred to as
municipal officers
the Egyptian "God of Dead" was
Osiris
Burial Societies were becoming common place during
medieval Period
the first ppl to dress their dead in white clothing were the
Christians
the person who was responsible for bringing the European Embalming techniques to the U.S. was
Harlan
the term used by the Jewish ppl to represent the flesh was
Basar
Jewish burials were scheduled
during the day of death before sundown
the Medieval Irish wakes ere known for their
light-hearted practices
the most common form of disposition for the early Scandinavians was
creamation
what is not true of the Ancient Jewish Funeral
the woman always prepared the dead bodies
Another name for the Dark Ages was
Middle-Ages
the period of time when the Egyptians were embalming bodies was
Ancient
the name of the Jewish grave that was covered with a stone slab is
Sunken
Burial trends during the Middle Ages were greatly influenced by the
church
the Kiss of Peace represented a major break in tradition btwn the Christians and the
Jews
One of the countries which made mask making very popular in replacing the body during the long periods the body was lying in state was
England
the country which practiced "Communion of the Dead" was
Ireland and Scotland
what is not part of a Roman Committal Service
Burial mass celebrated at the grave site
the focal point of a Roman Funeral Procession was the
Torch bearer
the name of the place of Greek Afterlife was
Hades
what does not have any significance in the Greek Burial practices and customs
God's Little Acre
Constantine's Sumptuary Laws
was a body of mortuary laws
the first Christian ruler of Rome was
Constantine
what individuals involved in the Egyptian embalming process was the most prominent
Priest
what individual involved in the Egyptian embalming process, the person who marked the length of the incision with a charcoal pencil was the
Scribe
the percentage of Egyptians prepared by the inexpensive method of embalming was
80%
what was not part of an Egyptian Funeral Procession
Jesters
what individuals involved in the Egyptian embalming process, who was in charge of the funeral procession of an influential Egyptian
Physician
the Roman "Head Undertaker" was referred to as the
Libitinarious
Early Scandinavians referred to Valhalla as
Land of the Dead
In the mythological concepts of the Greek Afterlife, the Greeks prepared the body to go to
Hades
many historians credit the Greeks as the first to use
cremation
the person who discovered formaldehyde in 1868 was
Hofmann
the ppl who dressed their dead in togas were the
Romans
the ppl who cremated their dead with all of their worldly possessions were
Northern Europeans
the person who had Gannal's book published in the U.S. was
Harlan
who usually had their funeral processions during the night
romans
the jewish ppl believed the individual was made up of two elements which are
Nefesh and Basar
the deceased Hebrews dressed in
their beast attire
Jewish funeral customs were noted for their
simplicity
the Jewish religious sect which had a very strict viewpoint of their religious policies and procedures were the
Orthodox
the injection of cedar oil into the abdomen of the body was utilized in the medium priced method of Egyptian embalming, causing the organs in the cavity to
be dissoved
what approximate percentage of the Egyptian populace were prepared by the expensive method of embalming
2%
the canopic jars which housed the organs of the deceased Egyptians were named after the four son of
Horus
in ancient Egyptian Beliefs of the Cult of Osiris, who was Osiris wicked brother
set
the Deity who is known as "God of the Underworld" is
Osiris
the sun worshipers believed ppl were developed form___ elements
6
the Necropolis was
City of the Dead
Egyptian burial receptacles which were large, massive, and rectangular in shape, describe the ___ casket
sarcophgus
the civilization of ppl whose faith necessitated burial of the deceased by sundown on the day of death was the
Hebrews
the most desirable mode of disposition for the Egyptians was
entombment
the individual designated to eviscerate and wash the Egyptian remains was
apothecary
scribe
surgeon
none of these
the Egyptian coffin which gained popularity because of the influence of Osiris was called the
anthropoid
what is not part of the expensive Egyptian embalming method
immersion in molten asphalt
the individual involved in embalming the Egyptian dead whose functions were embalming and wrapping of the remains was
Surgeon
the individual involved in embalming the Egyptian dead whose function was to anoint the body with the necessary oils, spices and ointments was the
Apothecary Servant
the most noted impact the Egyptian coffins had on another civilization was with the
Romans
which of the following came first
treatment of deceased
formulation of government
funeral customs
formulation of definite religious beliefs
funeral customs
the ___ are credited with the introduction of cremation
Greeks
with the introduction of coffins and early funeral goods, who was primarily pursuing undertaking profession
craftsman
what was not a consideration in the development of coffins and burial cases
importance on preservation of the deceased
what is not a consideration with the introduction of the metallic burial casket
ounces per square foot
what is not a major influence in the development of chemical embalming
air tight receptacles
Early methods of transporting the body included all but what
bier
bearers
horse-down carts
limousine
limousine
during the 19th century, various chemical manufacturers were influential in the development of mortuary education and the rising prevalence of embalming. among the services which those companies offered the undertaker included all but what
merchandising techniques for use in the casket room
what is associated with the introduction and development of early funeral transportation
crane and Breed
as casket manufacturers becomes more sophisticated in their merchandise, what was an attitudinal change which would reflected in their products
more aesthetic luxury
the "Conclamatio Mortis" is identified with what
the calling out of the dead
who is credited with receiving one, if not the first patent, in regards to life preserving coffins
Christian Eisenbrandt
a waxed death masked of nobility was referred to as an
effigy
the wake during the Middle-ages was also referred to as the
vigil for the dead
Edwin Chadwick is associated with what
investigator of mass corruption in regards to English practices
in ancient Egypt, the priest was also referred to as the
Kher-Heb
Dionysius was recognized as
the god of wine
the burial in Woolen Act took place in what year
1666
which funeral functionary in ancient Rome was identified as the "crier"
praeco
the "god of the underworld" is recognized by what god
osiris
in ancient Rome, this early death belief said that the body and soul were composed of atoms which simply disintegrated at death. who is responsible for influencing this belief
Epicurus
one of the first coffin shop/warehouses was started in New York by
John L. Dillon
Receptacles that were patented in the early 19th century but which gained no popular appeal were referred to as
also -rans
a social development in the Middle-Ages whereby the bodies of the noble were separated and the bones were brought back to their home in a chest describes
independent bone burial
in discussing early American undertaking inviters to funeral were considered to be
municipal officers
who received one of the first patents for a corpse cooler/cooling board during the 19th century
Robert Frederick and C.A. tump
in ancient Rome, where did burial and/or entombment take place
outside the walls of rome
the goddess of corpses and funerals is recognized as
Libitina
in discussing ancient rome culture, "the designator" was also referred to as
the master of ceremonies
the Egyptian undertaking specialist whose job including making medicines and anointing the body of the deceased was referred to as
the Apothecary
what is know for featuring a horse drawn hearse at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893 that resembled a church-like design and which weighed 2400 pounds
crane and breed
what is not considered to be an influential person in the development of embalming school
Edwin Chawick
what is not a reason why "auto funerals" would be slow in being accepted
auto hearses were less costly than the traditional horse-drawn hearse
by virtue of technical skill and knowledge, what individual, in particular, was qualified to fulfill the role as coroner in early America
Town undertakers
in discussing metallic burial caskets, the ogee design served what purpose
it reduced the excess space that characterized most metallic burial casket
it reduced the excess weight that characterized most metallic burial casket
what receptacles was used for ex-president Grant
Style "E" State Casket
M.H. Crane and J.R. Barnes acquired the manufacturing rights from Fisk in what year
1853
the "Head Undertaker" in ancient Rome was referred to as
Libitinarius
the evisceration of body organs and their placement in four canopic jars was associated with the embalming practices of which ancient civilization
Egyptian
the individual to receive the first American patent on a metallic coffin
James A Gray
what was the effect on the cemeteries in regards to the Great Plague of London
Cemeteries were overcrowded
what individual criticized the use of common preservatives such as arsenic in regards to embalming
Dr. Thomas Holmes
a ___ or a long pleated arrangement of the linen was worn by a widow during the Middle-Ages. This arrangement resembled a beard
Barbe
During the late Middle-Ages, who began experimenting with embalming
Anatomist and Surgeon
in discussing Edwin Chadwick's report he recommend
all cemeteries be municipalized
religious rite be simplified and standardized
Singers, Jesters, and Actors were a very important part of the early Christian funeral procession
t/f
false
in Egyptian embalming procedure, once the evisceration incision was closed and covered with wax, a symbol called the "Eye of the Tiger" was placed in the wax
t/f
false
the ancient Greeks and Romans made use of professional mourners
t/f
true
in ancient Rome, burial within the city walls was prohibited for sanitary reasons
t/f
true
Cremation was the only form of disposition ever used by the Roman
t/f
false
Earth burial was the main mode of final disposition used by Germans/Scandinavians
t/f
false
a common practice by the Greeks was to hold the funeral procession two hr after sunrise
t/f
false
the Peruvians practice the act of placing the deceased in a squatting position
t/f
true
cremation and earth burial were both modes of final disposition practiced by the Romans
t/f
true
the Roman funeral procession was simple and uniformly standardized for all classes of society
t/f
false
Trapezae or square-cut tombs are identified with the ancient Greeks
t/f
true
High status funerals in ancient Rome were held during the day
t/f
true
the increase in funeral ostentation was observed during the English Middle-Ages
t/f
true
A "Sin-Eater" is associated with the ancient Egyptian
t/f
false
feudal funeral are associated with ancient Greek
t/f
false
the anthropoid shape is associated with the Fisk metallic coffin
t/f
true
the Fisk metallic coffin was an air-tight coffin
t/f
true
the Burial in Woolen Act of 1666 prohibited the use of cotton in the shroud and in the lining of a coffin
t/f
false
a Barbe was worn by the widow during the Middle-ages
t/f
true
a bodily existence under the earth was a death belief associated with the late 19th Century thinking
t/f
false
J. Anthony Gaussardia was known as an innovator in regards to introducing metallic coffins
t/f
false
crane and Breed were recognized in the late 19th Century as innovators of embalming
t/f
false
Nurses, mid-wives, and specific layers out of the dead were recognized as early performers of personal service in early America
t or f
true
john hunter
credited with the discovery of "Hunter's Canal"
Dr. Thomas Holmes
Father of Embalming in the US
Dr. William Hunter
first to successfully adopt arterial injection as a means of preservation
Dr. Frederick Ruysch
father of embalming
August Hofman
credited with discovering formaldehyde
Marcello Malpighi
father of histology
jean gannal
author of "history of Embalming"
Dr. William Harvey
discovered the circulation of blood
Leonardo da Vinci
painter of the last supper
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
father of bacteriology
Edwin Chadwick publishes his report in this year
1842
the Fisk Metallic Coffin was patented in this year
1848
welcome heir to new estate
the purpose of the funeral feast during the Middle-Ages
Dr. Thomas Holmes
father of embalming
J. Anthony Gaussardia
Patented process of embalming involving the injection of an arsenic-alcohol mixture
ancient egyptains believed that the ___ was the center, the focus of the universe, which all things emerged and to which they returned
the sun
____ believed that after death life will esist
Egyptians
who were the first to believe in the immoralit soul
Ancient Egyptians
early pagan ppl generally closed the eyes and the mouth of the dead for what reason
so the soul doesn't leave the body
god of the underworld
judge of the dead
was seen as the fertility god
osiris
god of wisdom
read the deeds of the dead in the Hall of Two Truths
thoth
god of embalming
guilded the dead to the underworld
anubis
sun god
the sun was considered his eye
the Pharaohs believed themselves to be the children of him
Ra
Aardvark headed god of evil
protected Ra's barge as it went through the underworld
set
protector of mankind
hours
goddess of justice
feather of truth: used to weigh the heart of the dead
Mà at
ancient Egyptians believed that the ____ is the seat of the intellect and emotion