Osteoporosis

  1. What does osteopenia mean?
    low bone mass
  2. What do osteoclasts do?
    Build and reabsorb bone.
  3. When does osteoporosis develop?
    when osteoclasts absorb more than they build
  4. Bone mass is at its maximum at ___ years.  After this bone mass is removed faster than it is formed.
    30
  5. What are some risk factors for developing osteoporosis?
    • 1. smoking
    • 2. ETOH
    • 3. Lack of estrogen
    • 4. Body weight <127, BMI <21
    • 5. thyroid replacement therapy
    • 6. diet low in CA and Vit D
    • 7. hx of organ transplant
  6. What is the standard diagnostic tool that provides the most precise T-scores?
    • DXA
    • dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
  7. What is a T-score?
    It is the number of SDs (standard deviations) above the mean BMD (bone mineral density) for women younger than 35
  8. What would a t-score of -1 mean?
    10-12% loss of bone mass
  9. What would be your diagnosis based on these t-scores?
    > or equal to -1 _______
    < or equal to -1 to -2.5 _______
    < or equal to -2.5 _______
    < or equal to -2.5 with fractures ______
    • 1. normal
    • 2. osteopenia
    • 3. osteoporosis
    • 4. severe osteoporosis
  10. What is the newest biphosphanate?? and How often is it taken?
    Boniva (ibandronate)

    taken monthly
  11. What is the MOA of biphosphanates?
    they inhibit activity of osteoclasts to normalize rate of bone turnover...they cause an increase in bone mineral density


    in other words...they prevent the loss of bone mass!
  12. Biphosphanates deduce the risk of what types of fractures?
    vertebral and nonvertrebal
  13. Which bisphosphonate has not be proven to prevent hip fractures?
    Boniva
  14. Name some bisphosphonates?
    Boniva, Fosamax, Actonel
  15. Name a selective estrogen receptor modulator?
    Evista (Raloxifen)
  16. What kind of fractures do SERMs reduce the risk of??
    Vertebral but NOT NONVERTEBRAL
  17. What is Calcitonin's MOA?
    blocks bone reabsorption by inhibiting osteoclasts.  it lowers the number of osteoclasts
  18. How does Calcitonin affect serum Ca levels?
    It decreases them
  19. Which is greater... salmon calcitonin or human calcitonin...??
    salmon is 50-100 times as potent as human

    remember.... calcitonin is a protein and it can not be taken orally
  20. What is Teriparatide(Forteo)?? What is its MOA?
    • 1. synthetic human PTH
    • 2. stimulates new bone formation


    given once daily, increases skeletal mass, improves strength, prevents bone loss
  21. What is the first line treatment for osteoporosis??
    bisphosphonates.

    don't forget that even with med interventions, nonpharmacological treatments are important as well
  22. What is given as an alternative to bisphosphonates??
    Raloxifen (Evista)
  23. What is used for prevention of osteoporosis??
    Bisphosphonates and Evista
  24. What is used as a secondary line of prevention?? often used for those who have very low BMD of <-4 and history of fractures???
    Teriparatide (Forteo)
  25. What is the dose of Ca and Vit D that should be administered daily?
    • 1200mg/day of Ca
    • 400-800 IU/day of VitD
  26. Postmenopausal women and men >65 years old should have how many mg of Ca a day?
    1500
  27. What are the recommendations for taking osteoporosis medications???
    • Take them first thing in the AM
    • on an empty stomach
    • patient must be upright
    • can not eat or drink for 30-60 mins after taking

    Evista can be taken without regard to food
  28. List side effects of Raloxifine (Evista) (3)
    • 1. hot flashes
    • 2. leg cramps
    • 3. 3x increase risk of venous thrombosis

    Therefore..teach your patient that they MUST be ambulatory.  This risk is why it is generally used as a second line treatment.
  29. What is normally used if patients refuse to take other treatments (such as biphosphanates or evista)??
    calcitonin
  30. It is not recommended to take Calcitonin for the _____________.
    first 5 years after menopause.
  31. How is forteo given??
    SQ daily
  32. Forteo is generally given to patients with ____ osteoporosis who can not take other therapies.
    SEVERE
  33. How long can Forteo be used??
    2 years max
  34. NTx is a urine test completed to monitor bone loss... when should it be obtained??
    at the 2nd void of the day
  35. Calcitonin can be given nasally..therefore.. it is important to do nasal exams!!
  36. Routine ______ ____ should be completed while on biphosphanates.
    dental screening
  37. When should drug holidays be done on patients with osteoporosis treatment??
    after 4-5 years of meds...

    if low risk of developing complications..may wait till after 10 years of treatment and hold for 1-2 years.
  38. Can children be prescribed these medications???
    NO
  39. Evista should not be given to ___.
    men
  40. Forteo (teriparatide) is absorbed 20-30x more with which patient population?
    women in comparison to men
  41. How long is calcitonin nasal spray good once it is opened??
    two weeks only!
  42. Forteo must be refrigerated!! Don't use if cloudy or discolored.  One pen lasts 28 days.
Author
Corissa.Stovall
ID
244155
Card Set
Osteoporosis
Description
Week 11
Updated