-
Gout is a term for ??
collection of disorders that result from deposition of monosodium urate crystals in body tissue
-
Gout can be primary or secondary
Primary affects ____ 10 times more often
Secondary is associated with ______?
men
Primary--overproduction or underexcretion
secondary ---from other source ---hyperuricemia- from diseases or drugs that interfere with secretion of uric acid, can be endocrine disorder, lead poisoning, or high doses of salicylates
-
90% of gout patients are _________ of uric acid?
under excretors of uric acid.
overproduction is less common and is usually from another disease
-
hyperuricemia is serum urate level in men?
in women?
men > 6mg/dl
women > 7 mg/dl
-
acute gouty arthritis definition
painful monoarthropathy of usually metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe.
-
What is the Intercritical period of gout?
2nd episode usually within 6 months to 2 years after first attacks.
-
What are tophi?
sodium urate crystals that are deposited in soft tissue occurs in 50% of patients.
-
What are the key risk factors for gout??
These factors are additive in terms of risk
- HTN
- thiazide and loop diuretics
- obesity
- alcoholism (moonshine is worse due to lead content) beer and spirits- not wine
- age > 60
- intake of meat and seafood increase the risk
-
most important diagnosis of gout is exclusion of _____ joint ?
septic joint
-get synovial fluid for WBCs and diff, crystal analysis and gram stain with culture
-
Uricosuric agents MOA
increase secretion of uric acid
probeneid
Tubular blocking agents, increase secretion by blocking reabsorption of urate
Increase risk of stones, increase fluids
-
Colchicine MOA
- and NSAIDs- decreases or stops the inflammatory process.
- unknown but affects leukocyte fx to reduce lactic acid production.
Not an analgesic and has no effect on uric acid metabolism
-
NSAIDS and Colchicine MOA
decreases or stops the inflammatory process.
-
MOA of allopurinol
decrease the synthesis of uric acid
inhibit xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that converts xanthine to uric acid. Reduces uric acid production.
Does not promote uric acid secretion, so level in renal tubules in not increased
-
First line tx to reduce uric acid levels???
what can be added if these meds are not working?
xanthine oxidase inhibitors- allopurinol or febuxostat
Urocosuric agents probenecid, fenofibrate, or losartan can be added if xanthine oxidase inhibitors are not sufficient to achieve target serum urate levels.
-
Gene testing for gout
HLA-B*5801 allele
determines risk for allopurinol hypersensitivity
-
Acute flairs may be treated with what
NSAIDS and glucocorticoids
-
prevention of attacks
First line:?
2nd line:?
first line is colchicine (decreases inflammatory response)
2nd line- Uricosuric (increase secretion) if undersecreter, allopurinol (decreases synthesis of uric acid) if over producer
-
How often to monitor serum uric acid levels?
baseline then every 2-3 months
-
Men serum uric acid level when monitoring drug response should be
2-7 mg/dl
-
What is the ideal uric acid level for patients with gout??
5-6
-
women serum uric acid level when monitoring drug response should be
2-6 mg/dl
-
Monitoring colchicine
First time administration--what should you monitor for??
What about periodicly??
first time- monitor weekly for toxicity (weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia)
Periodic- LFTs and blood counts (every 3-6 months)
-
Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome??
- life threatening
- occurs rarely and is dose dependent.
Presents with fever, renal failure, and vasculitis, Mortality around 20%
-
What should you remember with geriatrics and treatment of gout???
- diminished renal fx and risk of adverse effects increased.
- -begin with lowest dosage
- -monitor renal fx
-
Colchicine adverse reactions
- 1. Gastrointestinal toxicity in 80%
- 2. toxicity from drug s/s --- n/v, abd. discomfort and diarrhea ---these are early signs.
- 3. bone marrow suppression long term
-
What meds can you not use in peds patients?
safety not established for colchicine and sulfinpyrazone.
-
What drug is contradicted in children under 2 years old??
probenecid
-
Which drug for gout is preggo cat b?
probenecid
-
Patient education on all gout therapies
- educate on triggers, lifestyle, changes and use of various drugs
- -maintain adequate fluid intake
- -take meds with food to prevent GI upset
- -Report and S&S of GI distress
- -Lose weight slowly, to fast can cause gout attack
- -Stress compliance
-
What should you teach your patients if they are taking Uricosuric agents??
- avoid aspirin or other salicylates can cancel drug
- -increase fluid to prevent stones
- -notify if rash develops
-
Allopurinol patient education
Patients should be taught to notify their provider if they develop what symptoms??
Large doses of what may increase kidney stones??
Teach your patients to take their meds with ___ and ___ to increase urine output?
How long does it take for the meds to work well?
- notify if rash (Stevens-Johnsons syndrome with hypersensitivity), painful urination, blood in urine, irritation of eyes or swelling of lips and mouth.
- Rash is the earliest sign of allergic reaction!!!
- -large doses of vitamin C may increase kidney stones
- -take with fluid and food
- may take 6 weeks for optimal benifit
-
Death has occurred with as little as ___ mg of colchicine
7 mg
-
Allopurinol has been known to cause ___ toxicity
hepatotoxicity
-
Hypersensitivity of allopurinol causes what???
Stevens-Johnson syndrome- skin rash is earliest sign of toxicity
-
Acute gouty arthritis sx with out peptic ulcer, treat with what??
NSAIDS
-
Acute gouty arthritis sx with peptic ulcer ---- tx with what??
colchicine
-
Acute gouty arthritis sx with kidney liver or bone marrow disease.. tx it with what???
corticosteroids
-
recurrent and chronic gout- overproducer tx
allopurinol and colchicine
-
recurrent and chronic gout- underproducer
Uricosuric agent- probenecid
|
|
