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Walnut Street Jail (1790s)
- focus on redemption
- read Bible and reflect on their wrongdoings
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Medical Model
- mid 1900s
- offenders are "sick" and in need of treatment
- focus on productive labor
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Classical Model
- offenders have free will and chose whether or not to commit crimes
- programming and assessment
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Punishment and Rehabilitation
- current society expects a dual approach - punish and rehabilitate
- adequate assessment of needs of offender
- programming designed to successfully return them to the community
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How Inmate Needs are Identified
- upon entry, inmates are objectively assessed for risk of violence and rehabilitation needs
- assessment, testing, and interviews identify specific inmate program needs
- inmates move from reception to regular incarceration housing
- unit/treatment team meets regularly with inmate to review progress
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Education in Prisons
- 1983 - mandatory education, inmates who functioned at <6th grade
- 1986 - raised level to 8th grade, additional states adopted literary programs
- Crime Control Act of 1990 - mandatory 12th grade education
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Vocational Training
- inmate recidivism declined
- parole revocations declined
- inmates in ovational training have better disciplinary records in prison
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Loss of Pell Grants
- 1970s - way for "disadvantaged" to receive funds for post-secondary education
- 1994 - inmates no longer allowed to receive Pell grants due to public complaints of free education
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Mental Health Programs
- a high percentage of inmates have mental health needs
- the security needed to control these inmates leads to programmatic complication
- correctional agencies are not the ideal mental health providers
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Successful Treatment of Mentally Ill Inmates
- integrated service delivery
- continuity of care - on going even after release
- array of services
- treatment delivery by multidisciplinary teams
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Prison Work Programs
- Walnut Street Jail - inmates worked not only to benefit themselves but to provide goods for the state
- 1800s - prisons leased out prisoners to the private sector
- Early 20th century - prisoners produced items which could be sold in government agencies
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Prison Industries
- work assignments similar to private-sector operations
- work experience can provide valuable training
- inmate earnings can help support families and pay fines and restitution
- earnings of the industry can offset costs
- work assignments help alleviate inmate boredom, which leads to better behavior
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Religious Programs
- religious practices acknowledged to be important for rehabilitation
- prisons attempt to accommodate inmates religious practices
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