The flashcards below were created by user
jennx14
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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nucleolus
contains ribosome and proteins, manufactures ribosome's
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sac-like structure that stores mainly water as well as minerals and fats
vacuole
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centrioles
structure used in cell division in mitosis
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Eukaryote
this type of cell has a membrane bound nucleus as well as other membrane organelles
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Plastids
this organelle stores pigment and food
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nucleus
This organelle controls all cellular activity, refereed to as the control center of the cell
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flagella
long whip-like structure used in cellular movement
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Gogi Complex
Modifies, collects, packages, and distributes macromolecules within the cell, referred to as the UPS center
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Microfilament
smallest cyoskeletal element, contributes to cell shape, growth and movement
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Cytoplasm
fluid portion of the cell between the nucleus and cell membrane
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Chromoplast
This organelle in plants is used for the storage of plant pigments other than green
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Cell membrane
Porous outer covering of cell, monitors what enters or exits the cell
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Ribosomes
where proteins are made, some are attached, some are free
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Prokaryote
This type of cell has no membrane bound nucleus
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Mitochondria
Releases energy in the form of ATP for cells to use, referred to as the POWERHOUSE of the cell
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Chloroplast
Organelle necessary for photosynthesis to occur in plants, uses sunlight energy to make food
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Rough ER
Processor and transporter of proteins through channels that are studded with ribosome's
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Smooth ER
Processor of lipids and carbohydrates
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Lysosome
Digests unwanted or harmful materials in the cell, Recycling Center of the cell
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Luekoplast
Place in the plant cell where starch is stored
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place in the plant where starch is stored
luekoplast
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cholorplasts
organelle necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the plants, uses sunlight to make energy
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Mitochondria
releases energy in the form of ATP for cells to use, referred to as the POWERHOUSE of the cell
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Microtubule
largest cytoskeletal element, contributes to cell shape, growth and movement
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Cilia
short thread-like structures used with cellular movement
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Porous outer covering of cell, monitors what enters and exits the cell
nuclear membrane
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what is the lipid bilayer made up of
phospholipids and proteins
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what 2 parts do phospholipids have
- the polar head called hydrophilic which loves water
- the non-polar tail called hydrophobic which don't like water
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In a lipid bilayer proteins are attached to what
some with carbohydrates attached
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what is the function of the protein in a lipid bilayer
- form channels and pumps to move material across the membrane
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what do carbs act as in a lipid bilayer
act as chemical identification allowing for recognition of foreign cells by organisms
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define diffusion
substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
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can occur with solids, lipids and gases and no energy is used
diffusion
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facilitated diffusion
substances diffuse across the cell membrane through special protein channel
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proteins are specific to ions, sugars, and salts and no energy is used by the cell
faciliatated diffusion
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stiffness, rigidity of cells, amount of water present
osmotic (turgor) pressure
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the more water in the cell,
cells become large and inflated (turgid)
high osmotic pressure
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if water is lost in the cell,
cells become small and deflated
(plasmolysed)
low osmotic pressure
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what is hypertonic solution
the concentration of water inside the cell is greater than outside the cell; therefore the cell will shrink
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what 2 things happen in a hypertonic solution
- cell will become dehydrated
- water will leave the cell (low turgid pressure)
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what is hypotonic solution
the concentration of water outside of the cell is greater than inside the cell; therefore the cell will expand
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what 2 things happen in hypotonic
- cell will become hydrated
- water will enter the cell
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what is isotonic solution
the concentration of water outside of the cell is equal to the concentration of water inside the cell; therefore the water movement across the cell is equal
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2 things that happen in active transport
- goes across a gradient
- molecule is too big
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endocytosis
process by which organisms bring larger material into the cell the membrane actually creates a pocket around the object to bring in
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phagocytosis
cellular eating the cell membrane surrounds material and creates a food vacuole
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pinnocytosis
cellular drinking creates a water vacuole
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what is exocytosis
process by which organisms use energy to get rid of materials that is doesn't need
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what are the 10 organ systems
- cardiovascular
- respirtory
- digestive
- muscular
- nervous
- skeletal
- skin
- reproductive
- excretory
- endocrine
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