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What is chemistry?
Composition of matter, changes in its composition
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Body chemicals include?
water, proteins, carbohydrates
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What is matter and what three states are there?
- -Matter is anything that takes up space
- -liquids, gases, solids
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Atoms consist of what?
- -Protons (positive charge)
- -Neutrons (neutral, uncharged)
- -Electrons (negative charge)
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# of proteins in an atom
Atomic number
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Number of protons and neutrons in an elements nucleaus
Atomic weight
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Has nuclei with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Isotopes
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Substances that release ions in water
Electrolytes
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Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
Acid
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Electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions
Bases
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The study of organs and their location in the body
Anatomy
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The study of the processes and functions of the body
Physiology
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Two groups of chemicals
- -Organic: always contain carbon and hydrogen, many dissolve in water
- -Inorganic: Do not contain carbon and hydrogen, release ions in water (electrolytes)
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Fats, not soluble in water
lipids
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Most abundant organic compound of body, vital for body function, energy
Proteins
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What are cells and what do they do?
Cells are foundation of human body, cells grow, form tissues
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Two general classes of cells
Sex cells, Somatic Cells
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Parts of cell
cell membrane, nucleus, Cytoplasm
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Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. lipids and proteins are the primary substances making up cell membranes.
Cell Membrane
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Helps body produce ATP (organelles)
Mitochondria
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Movement of a solvent from an area of low concentration to one of high concentration
Osmosis
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Tendency of water to move by osmosis across a membrane
Osmotic pressure
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Movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration
Diffusion
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Process in which a carrier molecule moves a substance in or out of cells, from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration
Facilitated Diffusion
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