-
2 anatomical barriers to fighting infection
- 1) skin
- 2) mucous membranes
-
which type of immunity consists of the "sensors"?
innate immune system
-
4 functions of the innate immune system
- 1) engulf
- 2) eliminate
- 3) induce inflammation
- 4) call & activate adaptive system
-
what the innate immune system senses (3)
- 1) PAMPs
- 2) DAMPs
- 3) absence of self markers
-
general TLR signal transduction pathway
TLR recognizes & binds to microbial ligand -> IRAK1/4 complex -> TRAF -> TAK1 -> MAPK pathway + p-IKK -> p-I B -> NF-B release & translocation to nucleus
-
steps in innate initiation of adaptive response
DC TLR recognizes/binds PAMPs -> migration to lymph nodes -> presentation of Ag-MHC complex + costimulatory molecules -> naive T cell activation
-
characteristics of T cells (4)
- 1) derived from thymus
- 2) survey surfaces of body cells
- 3) release lymphokines & cytotoxic mediators
- 4) must come in contact w/ infected cells to kill
-
characteristics of B cells (4)
- 1) derived from bone marrow
- 2) release antibodies
- 3) protect extracellular spaces (tissue fluids, blood, secretions)
- 4) neutralization of pathogens does not require contact with B cell
-
function of Th1 cells
activates cytotoxic (Tc) cells & macrophages
-
function of Th2 cells
activates B cells (promoting Ig production)
-
humoral immune response
Ab response
-
what B cell receptors are also known as
antibodies
-
lymphocyte surface/Ag receptors (2)
- 1) TCRs
- 2) B cell receptors
-
what is the estimated number of different Ag receptors humans are able to make?
1014
-
part of pathogen recognized by lymphocyte
epitope
-
rate of lymphocyte doubling
6-12hrs
-
CTL effectors (3) & main function
- 1) FasL
- 2) perforins
- 3) granzymes
Main fcn: target-cell destruction
-
Th1 effectors (4) & main functions
- 1) TNF-
- 2) IFN-
- 3) GM-CSF
- Main fcn: promote macrophage activation
- 4) IL-2
- Main fcn: activate CTLs
-
Th2 effectors (4) & main function
- 1) CD40L
- 2) IL-4
- 3) IL-5
- 4) IL-6
Main fcn: B-cell activation
-
effector expressed by both Th1 and Th2
IL-3
-
CD expressed by Th cells
CD4
-
CD expressed on Tc cells
CD8
-
characteristics of Treg's (3)
- 1) CD4+CD25+2) IL-10 expression
- 3) suppress immune response (negative regulation)
-
major components of innate immune system (3)
- 1) barriers
- 2) phagocytes
- 3) pattern recognition molecules (complement, TLRs)
-
major components of adaptive immune system (3)
- 1) lymphocytes
- 2) Ag-specific receptors
- 3) Ab's
-
most abundant Ab in blood/tissue fluids
only Ab that can pass placenta
IgG
-
most important Ab in secretions (saliva, tears, milk, genitourinary fluids)
IgA
-
main form of Ab inserted into B cell membrane as Ag receptor
IgD
-
first Ab to appear in serum after immunization
very efficient at activating complement
very large (doesn't get into tissue fluids easily)
IgM
-
Ab that causes Type I rxn
important in resistance to parasites
IgE
|
|
