CO2 can be used for energy generation by acting as an electron acceptor, but not electron donor.
TRUE
Among all lives on earth, only archaea can produce methane.
TRUE
Only bacteria can do CO2 fixation.
FALSE
Only archaea can grow on C1 compounds such as methane, methanol, formaldehyde, formate, methylamine.
FALSE
Bacteria do CO2 assimilation for energy generation.
FALSE
Bacteria do fermentation in order to grow on methane.
FALSE
Bacterial flagella use proton potential for its energy source.
TRUE
Bacterial flagella are anchored at outer membrane.
FALSE
Bacterial pili are anchored at cell membrane.
FALSE
Bacterial swimming and swarming involve movement. However, swimming is for individual one and swarming is for the movement of a population.
TRUE
Gram-positive cell wall is thicker than Gram-negative counterpart and this is the basis for Gram staining.
TRUE
In many cases, LPS has important role in pathogens’ virulence, so one of its components is often called O antigen(s).
TRUE
LPS is anchored at cell membrane.
FALSE
16s rRNA which has been used for phylogeny is one component of ribosome.
TRUE
Bacteria have nuclei.
FALSE
Bacteria excrete enzymes outside of their cells to build either cell wall structure or outer membrane structure.
FALSE
Most bacteria divide by fission.
TRUE
Most bacteria can be cultured in the laboratory.
FALSE
Under overwhelming environmental stresses (such as heat, osmotic stress), bacterial cells usually become less active.
TRUE
Cells entering stationary phase become more resistance to environmental stresses such as high temperature, osmotic stress, and certain chemicals.
TRUE
Bacterial ribosomes can change the rate of protein synthesis in response to growth situation.
FALSE
Faster growing bacterial cells are bigger compared to slower growing counterparts.
TRUE
When bacterial cells sense amino acid starvation inside the cell (of course because of lack of food outside), the cells should not make ribosomes at the expense of energy. So, there must be a ribosome regulation mechanism in the bacterial cells.
TRUE
Mutations in DNA always lead to a change in phenotype.
FALSE
The chromosomes of most bacteria are circular.
TRUE
DNA polymerase always requires a small RNA or DNA (termed primer) to initiate chain elongation.
TRUE
DNA polymerase always elongates DNA in 5’ à 3’ direction.
TRUE
Our best friend E. coli is so smart that during DNA replication it can distinguish between original old strand and newly-made copy strand.
TRUE
In bacteria, every DNA base in the chromosome is transcribed into RNA.
FALSE
RNA polymerase prefers some DNA sites for it to bind.
TRUE
If you are able to see the sequences of all the proteins inside a bacterium, you will find always methionine at the N-termini of all those proteins.
FALSE
If you have an mRNA the size of which is 300 bp, then you will have a protein the size of which is 100 amino acids.
FALSE
In the mRNA sequence, there is a site that ribosome preferentially binds.
TRUE
Peptide bond formation is catalyzed by a peptidyltransferase in the ribosome. Such activity is in RNAs, not in proteins.
TRUE
Since there are 20 different amino acids, the total number for the type of tRNAs is 20.
FALSE
A tRNA should be able to recognize both amino acid and a codon present in mRNA.
TRUE
Transcription is carried out by RNA polymerase.
TRUE
Sigma factor of RNA polymerase is required to recognize a promoter. In a bacterium, there is only one sigma factor.
FALSE
Transcriptional activator helps RNA polymerase to transcribe and repressor inhibits RNA polymerase from transcription.
TRUE
In order for a transcriptional activator to work, the interaction between the protein and RNA polymerase is a must.
TRUE
If you want to translocate any protein across the cell membrane (or outer membrane), you need always energy.
TRUE
Proteins are pretty big, so there is no way to be translocated across the cell membrane without their being denatured.
FALSE
The amino acid sequence of a protein contains all the folding information of the protein.
TRUE
Some bacteria secret proteins directly into host cytoplasm.
TRUE
Cell inside is more reducing (low redox potential) than the outside.
TRUE
In DNA, you can find two types of base pairing: A-T and G-C. G-C pair is stronger than A-T pair.
TRUE
In PCR, we use high temperature to separate two DNA strands.
TRUE
Rod-shaped cells
-Are cells happy or Unhappy
Happy
Coccoid-shaped cells
-Are the cells happy or unhappy?
Unhappy
Exponential growth
-Are the cells happy or unhappy?
Happy
Cells are more adhesive
-Are the cells happy or unhappy?
Unhappy
Large-sized cells
-Are the cells happy or unhappy?
Happy
Protein/RNA breakdown and resynthesis
-Are the cells happy or unhappy?
Unhappy
More DNA per cell
-Are the cells happy or unhappy?