History Exam (Ch 7, 8 &9)

entry into a new nation for the purpose of permanent residence

• 20,000,000 visitors (1892-1924)
• closed in 1954
• chief immigration station in American 
• In New York

• 2nd largest immigration station
• in San Francisco

• culture shock
• homesickness
• loss of identity
• language barrier
• finding a place to live

agreement among homeowners not to sell to certain groups of people

helped immigrants in cases of sickness, unemployment and death

Americans favoring native born Americans over immigrants

Congress denied citizenship to people born in China and prohibited Chinese Immigration for 10 years from 1882-1892 then added another 10 year after

1906 Japan agreed to stop issuing passports to their laborers

Mixing of Societies

impose a literacy test on all immigrants

movement of people from the country to the city

large multistory building

developed the mechanized elevator

first U.S. City to have a subway

first U.S. City to have an elevated railway

First U.S. City to have a cable car

all forms of mass transportation

residential neighborhoods on the out skirts of a city

poorly built apartments designed to house as many people as possible

• opened the first settlement house in Chicago called the Hull house in 1889
• taught basic social skills and orphans lived in the house

called for people apply Christian principles of social problems

• Housing
• Transportation
• Water and Sanitation
• Fires
• Law and Order

unofficial city organizations designed to keep a particular group or party in power

the acquisition of money or power through illegal and dishonest methods

illegal payments for services or jobs

Crooked people led by "Boss" Tweed in New York City in Tammany hall, also a political machine

published more than 50 cartoons in Harper'S Weekly that sharply criticized Tweed and Tammany Hall

term coined by Mark Twain suggesting that a thin but glittering later of prosperity covered the poverty and corruption of much of society

the practice of giving jobs to those who help a candidate get elected

the job goes to the most qualified person

Winner- Rutherford B. Hayes - Republican

winner - James A. Garfield - Republican

shot James Garfield

became President upon the assassination of James Garfield

established the civil service commission to administer competitive examination to those seeking government jobs

Winner - Grover Cleveland - democratic

winner - Benjamin Harrison - republican

designed the ten-story wainwright building in St. Louis

spearheaded the movement for planned urban parks and designed Central park

introduced the Kodak camera

• founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881
• believed education was the key to economic indepenence

best known instructor at Tuskegee

• helped organize the NAACP in 1909
• fought for equality
• founder for the Niagara movement

Fixed taxes imposed on every voter

stated that if your grandfather voted before reconstruction then you could vote now

separation of the race

created to enforce segregation

• 1896 
• Supreme Court stated that the separate but equal concept was constitutional

Cincinnati red stockings

a system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to an employer

• Spectator Sports
• Bicycling
• Amusement parks

sensational story headlines

bought the New York World and introduced a large Sunday Edition, comics, sports, and women's news

• owned the New York Morning Journal
• tried to outdo Pulitzer by filling it with exaggerated tales of personal scandals, cruelty, hypnotism, and even an imaginary trip to Mars

led the way in the creation of department stores

led the way in the creation of chain stores

• Sears and Roeback were the first
• Deliver anywhere to your house

reform movement of the early 1900's concerned with problems of urbanization and industrialization

Journalist who uncovered the wrong doings on the parts of politicians or corporations

from Wisconsin he led the way in regulating big business

gives voters the power to introduce legislature

citizens force legislature to place a recently passed law

could remove a representative

gave voters the power to elect their senators

Winner - William McKinley - republican

• deadliest industrial fire 
• lead to occupational safety measures

• Thought it would increase the divorce rate
• liquor and factory industry didn't want them to vote
• Not a women's place
• Didn't want to open the black voting rights

gave women the right to vote

Theodore Roosevelt republican winner

Roosevlet's program for fair and treatment for everyone

• Increase in federal power
• mediate a coal strike
• regulating trust
• regulating transportation
• protecting our health
• protecting our environment

• In 1906 
• Wrote a book called the Jungle Exposing the meatpacking Industry

was passed in 1906 requiring the federal government to inspect meat shipped across state lines

forbade the manufacturing, transportation, or selling of food and medical products containing harmful ingredients

preserve the environment and resources

was the named head of the Forestry Service in 1905

William Howard Taft republican winner

when Secretary of Interior Richard Ballinger fired Gifford Pinchot as Head of the Forestry Commission for criticizing the sale of land in Alaska

Woodrow Wilson Democratic winner

• 1914
• it clarified and extended the 1890 Sherman Antitrust by clearly defining what a corporation could not do

a federal trade agency established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices

created income tax

a national banking system that controls the U.S. money supply and the availability of credit in the country

• The government should...
• be more accountable to its citizens
• control the power and influence of the rich
• be involved in improvising the lives of citizens
• become more efficient and less corrupt