Chapter 2

the normal dynamic process of balance needed to maintain a healthy body.

the act of converting energy by continually building up substances by anabolism and breaking down substances by catabolism for use by the body

cell

same

controlling

• change
• beyond

throwing

state of

• up
• apart

down

cell

formation

dissolving

body

ribose

mitochondria

structure

nucleus

structure

holds the organelles of the cell

organelle that serves a digestive function for the cell

site of protein formation; contains RNA

converts nutrients to energy in the presence of oxygen

control center of cell; contains DNA, which carries genetic information

• epithelial
• connective
• muscular
• nervous

supportive tissue

does the actual work of the organ

acts as an internal or external covering for organs (outer layer of skin, lining of digestive tract)

have an internal structural network (includes a variety of types)

includes three types: heart muscle, skeletal muscle, and visceral muscle, all of which share the unique property of being able to contract and relax

includes cells that provide transmission of information to regulate a variety of functions (neurons/nerve cells)

taken from one part of an individuals body and is transplanted to another location.

not from one's self, but from another human

being produced by a different human being

derived from an animal

genetically identical individuals

arrangements of various types of tissue that accomplish specific purposes

tissue

stromal

near

in

juice

pertaining to

upon

nipple

pertaining to

muscle

nervous

organ

heart

structure

within

apex

the pointed extremity of a conical structure

body

body

body

the largest or most important part of an organ

fornix

any vaultlike or arched structure

fundus

the base or deepest part of a hollow organ that is farthest from the mouth of the organ

hilum

lumen

the space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube

sinus

a cavity or channel in bone, a dilated channel for blood, or a cavity that permits the escape of purulent (pus-filled) material

vestibule

a small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal

support, movement, protection

cover and protection

nutrition

elimination of nitrogenous waste

reproduction

• transportation of nutrients/waste
• protection

transportation of blood

delivers oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide

receive/process information

information gathering

effects changes through chemical messengers

blood

bone

bone

• breakdown
• dissolve

cell

cell

epithelium

fat

heart muscle

nucleus

• up
• apart
• away

down

in

• beyond
• change

formation

the study of the cells

the study of tissues

to cut apart, the study of the structure of the body

the study of growth; the study of the function of the body

growth

the study of disease

process of viewing living tissue that has been removed for the purpose of diagnosis and/or treatment

process of viewing dead tissue

death/dead

process of viewing by self

self

pertaining to the cheek

cheek

pertaining to the head

pertaining to the neck. Collum is a term that refers to the entire neck

pertaining to the skull

skull

head

pertaining to the face

face

pertaining to the front, the forehead

front

pertaining to the chin

chin

pertaining to the nose

nose

pertaining to the eye

eye

pertaining to the mouth

mouth

pertaining to the ear. also called auriclar

ear

pertaining to the abdomen

abdomin

pertaining to the armpit

axillary (armpit)

pertaining to the hip

hip

pertaining to the deltiod muscle covering the shouder. combining form om/o is often used for the shoulder

triangular

resembling

pertaining to the groin

groin

pertaining to the breast

pertaining to the pelvis

pertaining to the pubis

pubis

pertaining to the breastbone

sternum (breastbone)

pertaining to the chest. Also called pectoral

chest

pertaining to the umbilicus

umbilicus (naval)

pertaining to the front of the elbow

elbow

pertaining to the arm. antebrachial means pertaining to the forearm

pertaining to the wrist

wrist

pertaining to the leg

leg

pertaining to the finger/toe. phalangeal means pertaining to the bones in the fingers/toes

• finger
• toe

pertaining to the thigh

thigh

pertaining to the hand

hand

pertaining to the palm. also termed volar

palm

pertaining to the kneecap

kneecap

foot

foot

pertaining to the side of the foot

sole

pertaining to the ankle

ankle

pertaining to the acromion (highest point of the shoulder)

acromion

pertaining to the back

back

pertaining to the buttocks

buttocks

pertaining to the lower back

• lower back
• loin

pertaining to the neck, especially the back of the neck

neck

pertaining to the elbow

elbow

pertaining to the perineum. (the space between the external genitalia and the anus)

perineum

pertaining to the back of the knee

back of knee

pertaining to the sacrum

sacrum

pertaining to the scapula

scapula, shoulder blade

pertaining to the calf

calf

pertaining to the spine

• vertebra
• spine

pertaining to the front

front

pertaining to the belly side

belly

pertaining to the back

back

pertaining to the back of the body

back

pertaining to upward

upward

toward the head

head

pertaining to downward

downward

toward the tail

tail

pertaining to the middle (midline)

middle

pertaining to the side

side

pertaining to the same side

same

pertaining to the opposite side

opposite

pertaining to one side

one

pertaining to two sides

two

on the surface of the body

away from the surface of the body

pertaining to near the origin

near

pertaining to far from the origin

far

toward the right

right

toward

toward the left

left

pertaining to carrying toward a structure

toward

to carry

peratining to carrying away from a structure

away from

lying on one's back

lying on one's belly

two of the five cavities in the back of the body

three cavities in the front of the body

contains the brain and is surrounded and protected by the cranium, or skull

contains the spinal cord and is surrounded and protected by the bones of the spine, or vertebrae

contains the heart, lungs, espophagus, and trachea and is protected by the ribs, the sternum (breastbone) and the vertebrae (backbones)

contain the lungs

space between the lungs

holds the heart

composed of two cavities (abdominal and pelvic) that are not seperated by any physical structure

contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and intestines

contains bladder and reproductive organs

serous membrane that  lines entire abdominopelvic cavity

diaphragm

nine regions that lie over the abdominopelvic cavity.

area in the center of the abdominopelvic region

to the left and right of umbilical area

superior to lumbar regions, and below the ribs

medial to hypochondriac regions and superior to the umbilical region

inferior to umbilical region

lateral to the hypogastric region

vertical planes that seperate the sides from each other

separates the body into equal right and left halves (median plane)

divides body into front and back portions

divides the body horizontally into an upper part and lower part

divides body at a slanted angle