Biology Test Review

• No nucleus and no membrane bound organelles
• Ex: bacteria

Nucleus and membrane bound organelles

• (+)Produces gentically different offspring
• 1 disease not likely to kill all
• (-)have to find mate

• (-)Produces identical individuals
• 1 disease could wipe out population
• (+)no mate

• Make own energy (from sunlight)
• Ex: plant

Consume others

• stay in balance
• Ex: sweat/shiver/sugar levels

• Physical: part of body
• Behavioral: the way they act

More cells

specialized cell (differientation)

cell>tissue>organ>organ system>organism

Mutation

When you add an enzyme catalyst to the reactants it reduces the activation energy to make products.

• transport
• chemical reactions
• specific heat
• controls temp.

being dissolved (particles)

Dissolves particles

6CO₂ + 6H₂O -> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP

share electrons

held together by opposite charges

stick to a solid

water sticks to water (hydrogen bond)

Prevent pH from changing

Energy

C₆H₁₂O₆

main source of energy

• starch (plants store excess glucose)
• glycogen (animals store excess glucose)
• chitin (exoskeleton)
• cellulose (cell of plant-fiber)

• structural (muscle)
• functional (enzymes)

Substrate fits into active site of enzymes like a key and the enzyme changes shape causing substrate to break into products

• stored energy
• cell membrane

• Doesn't dissolve in H₂O
• Keeps things from getting inside or outside
• Makes up cell membrane

monosaccharide

Amino Acids

Fatty Acids

nucleotides

• DNA: genetic blueprint
• RNA: makes proteins- AA

• Saturated/Unsaturated
• Wax
• Steroids
• Phospholipids

• small hair-like structure
• used for movement
• Ex: humans/paramecium

structure within a cell that carries out a specific function

when a cell takes in a large particle

movement of particles from high to low concentration

movement of water from high to low concentration

Depends on surface area vs. volume

• Function of a cell
• Ex: skin cell (flat- surface)

• discovered first cell
• dead cork

• 1st living cell
• moving in pond water

• 1st organelle
• nucleus (biggest organelle)

• selectively premeable
• fluid mosaic model

make proteins

transports ribosomes

transports carbs and lipids

• makes ATP
• cristae (membrane)
• own DNA
• glucose to ATP
• Both cells

storage

• Command center
• directs all organelles

• "Post office"
• package, process, secrete

Transport

• absorb sunlight to make sugar
• own DNA
• sunlight to glucose
• plant cells only

• movement
• hair-like structure

make ribosomes

• contain digestive enzymes
• Ex: food, waste, orld cell
• disease- Tay Sach syndrome
• (star-shaped)

• Plant only
• supports and protects

• movement
• long-whip
• Ex: sperm

solute concentration is hight in the solution than in cell

solute concentration is lower in solution than in the cell

solute concentration is equal inside and outside of cell

• doesn't use energy
• High to Low
• no ATP

• uses energy
• Low to High
• ATP

• use protein to hel go across membrane
• high-low

every two potassium for every 3 sodium