Ch. 16. Psych

designed to help people resolve emotional, behavioral , and interpersonal problems and improve quality of life.

goal of expanding awareness or insight

goal is to make unconscious, conscious.....six primary approaches

• 1. Free Association- expressing self with out censorship; "say first thing that comes to mind"
• 2. Interpretation- therapist's explanation of the patients's emotions and behavior
• 3. Dream Analysis- reveal unconscious themes
• 4. Resistance- difficulty patients experience when uncovering previously repressed thoughts, emotions and impulses
• 5. Transference- projecting intense, unrealistic feeling and expectations from past onto the therapist
• 6. Working Through- helping to process the problem (after insight is gained)

goal is concerned with conscious aspects of the patients understanding. focus on individuation

Amplification- expand on dream associations

Prognostic Dreams- dreams that fortell the future

focused on strengthening social skills and assisting with coping life transitions and conflicts

goal is to emphasize development

self actualization occurs naturally, unless roadblocks hamper it

struggle and self discipline occur on way to personal fulfillment

deals with subjective phenomena experienced in the present

center on the patients goals and ways of solving problems

Therapist must have authenticity, genuineness. Unconditional positive regard. Must also be empathic understanding

integrate different and somtimes opposing aspects of personality into a unified sense of self

recognizes the importance of awareness, acceptance and expression of feelings

goal is to help people find meaning in their lives

goal is to focus on specific problems that maintain problematic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

identify and assess the problem, establish goals, then design and implement a strategy for behavior change.

uses a learning framework to determine the factors that precede the problem, their severity and their consequences

confront their frears and show there are no consequences

taught to relax as gradually exposed to feared object/ situation in a stepwise manner

can experience two conflicting responses simultaneously

patients immediately experience their greatest fear, with no aversive consequences

therapists prevent patients from performing their typical avoidence behaviors

research procedure for examining the effectiveness of isolated components of a treatment

model a problematic situation and then guide the patient through steps to learn how to cope with it unassisted

goal is to use reward and punishment to shape behavior

desirable behaviors are rewarded with tokens that the patients can exchange for tangible rewards

uses punishment to decrease frequency of undesirable behaviors

goal is to attempt to replace maladaptive or irrational thoughts with more adaptive rational ones

core assumptions are that thoughts can be identified and evaluated, that thoughts are the key player in psychological functioning and that irrational beliefs can be repalced by more rational adaptive cognitions.

goal is to promote logical beleifs, flexable beliefs with realistic expectations for self and others

goal is to emphasize identificaiton and modification of automatic, negative thoughts and long held negative beliefs.

sampling bits and pieces from other approaches

treatment for suicide risk patients, emphasizes two sides, integration.

coming to accept emotions/ circumstances

goal is to use medication to treat psychological problems

- brief electrical pulses to the brain which produce a seizure and treat serious psychological problems.

electrical pulses to stimulate vagus nerve, which may increase serotonin and blood flow.