Bio-Med Vocab - Chapter 4

right and left halves

anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects

superior (upper) and inferior (lower) aspects

body posture used to locate anatomical parts in relation to each other

structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins

threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of a deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) molecule that carries hereditary information encoded in genes

jellylike substance found within the cell membrane composed of proteins, salts,water, dissolved gases, and nutrients

molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism

cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and lysosomes (digestion)

study of the nature of diseases, their causes, development, and consequences

rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the walls of a tubular organ to propel its contents forward

movement away from the midsagittal plane of the body or one of its parts

movement toward the midsagittal plane of the body

pertaining to the midline of the body or structure

pertaining to a side

toward the head or upper portion of a structure

away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure

nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body

further form the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body

front of the body

back of the body

pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs

lying on the abdomen, face down

lying horizontally on the back, face up

turning inward or inside out

turning outward

pertaining to the palm of the hand

pertaining to the sole of the foot

toward the surface of the body (external)

away from the surface of the body (internal)

cell

tissue

nucleus

anterior, front

tail

cranium (skull)

far, farthest

back (of body)

lower, below

side, to one side

middle

back (of body), behind, posterior

near, nearest

belly, belly side

abdomen

neck, cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

cranium (skull)

stomach

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)

groin

loins (lower back)

pelvis

spine

chest

umbilicus, navel

white

green

color

yellow

blue

red

black

gray, gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)

extremity

cause

unknown, peculiar

form, shape, structure

disease

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

body

sound

internal organs

dry

forming, producing, origin

knowing

record, writing

instrument for recording

process of recording

specialist in the study of

study of

instrument for measuring

act of measuring

disease

from, away from

toward

different

same, alike

below, under

around

uppe, above

across, through

excess, beyond

abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated

substance analyzed or tested, generally by means of laboratory methods

substance injected into the body, introduced via catheter, or swallowed to facilitate radiographic images of internal structures that otherwise are difficult to visualize on x-ray films

bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound

feverish; pertaining to a fever

relative constancy or balance in the internal environment of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in response to external or internal changes

body defense against injury, infection, or allergy that is marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes, loss of function

diseased, pertaining to a disease

branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances for diagnosis, treatment, and research

medial specialty concerned with the use of electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound, and imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury

substances that emit radiation spontaneously

radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar, or other substance used to visualize and organ or area of the body that will be scanned

term used to describe a computerized image by modality (such as CT, MRI, and nuclear imaging) or by structure (such as thyroid or bone)

pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream

producing or associated with generation of pus

visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument

visual examination of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall

examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs

common blood test that enumerates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets; measures hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells); estimate red cell volume; and sorts white blood cells into five subtypes with their percentages

common  urine screening test that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine.

imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood-flow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves off moving blood cells

radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures

noninvasive imaging technique that uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images

diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) called a tracer that is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested, or injected) and a specialized camera to produce images of organs and structures

scanning technique using computed tomography to record the positrons (positive charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical, that produces a cross-sectional image of metabloic activity in body tissues to determine the presence of disease

imaging technique that uses x-rays passed through the body or area captured on a film; also called x-ray

radiological technique that integrates computed tomography (CT) and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs

radiographic technique that produces an image or representing a detailed cross-section, or slice, of an area, tissue, or organ at a predetermined depth

imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that display the reflected "echoes" on a monitor; also called ultrasound, sonography, echo, and echography

representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency (RF)

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flor from one to another

destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals

scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette

incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity

surgical technique employing a device that emits intense heat and power at close range to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissues.

surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant and decrease the chance of a recurrence

partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure