T or F: According to Holdred Schuell unidimensional aphasia is a general language impairment that crosses all language modalities: speaking, listening, reading, and writing.
True
Right Hemisphere Syndrome includes which of the following perceptual impairments
D. All of the above
T or F: Most traumatic brain injuries are caused by drugs, alcohol, or genetics.
False
To qualify as dementia, the person’s impairments must meet certain criteria. Name at least 3 criteria
1)Insidious onset
2)not caused by delirium, schizophrenia, or major depression
3)acquired
4)persistent
5)affects several areas of mental functions
6)severe enough to interfere with work, social activities, and relationships with others.
T or F: All patients with severe Apraxia of Speech regain enough volitional speech to permit them to communicate even simple messages by talking.
False
In the ___________________ approach to treatment, clinicians attempt to identify impairments in underlying processes that are thought to contribute to several related linguistic, cognitive, or communicative abilities.
Fundamental processes
What type of medical facilitator is responsible for the medical care of patients on rehabilitation wards?
A) a physiatrist
__________ is a procedure for evaluating generalization of skills or behaviors acquired in treatment to a person's daily life.
D) social validation
Wernicke's area receives a large part of it's input from what part of the brain?
A) primary auditory cortex
True or False: Apraxia denotes simplicity in carrying out sequences of volitional movements in the absence of weakness, paralysis, sensory loss, or incoordination in the muscles used for the movements.
False
List three professionals that could be a part of a patient’s treatment team.
-neurologist
-physiatrist
-physical therapist
-occupational therapist
-vocational therapist
-corrective therapists
-recreation therapist
-clinical psychologist
-psychiatrist
-SLP
-social workers
(T or F) Sometimes clinicians who use the relative level of impairment treat in areas of greatest impairment (valleys), less often they treat areas of minimal impairment (peaks).
False
When do you increase the difficulty of a task for a brain injured patient?
when 90% or more of the patient’s responses are immediate and correct
______ validation is a way of evaluating the daily life significance of changes created by treatment.
social
_______ feedback entails delivery of consequences that are intrinsically rewarding or punishing.
incentive
T/F: Dieticians are a part of a treatment team that an SLP might work with.
True
Which of these is not a type of aphasia?
A. Abstract Aphasia
T/F: For the average patient, a good general rule is to keep patient performance at 90-100% immediate and correct responses during the beginning of a given task and to increase difficulty of the task when correct and immediate responses exceed 90-95% over two or three administrations of task. False
False
T/F: Aphasia is an impairment in one’s ability to make propositions
True
Repetition is the ability to repeat verbatim what is said across levels from words to complex sentences.
True
True or False: A Neuropsychologist is part of the treatment team that works with patients.
True
True or False: In Conduction Aphasia patients can comprehend and are also fluent.
True
What is memory for past events and experiences?
Declarative Memory
What is it called when someone believes in existence of duplicate persons, places, body parts, or events?
Reduplicative Paramnesia
What does RHS stand for?
Right Hemisphere Syndrome
True or False: TBI is the leading cause of neurologic disability in people under the age of 50
True
Which of the follow is NOT a communication impairment associated with Right Hemisphere Syndrome?
A. Articulation Problems
Name the four language parameters of the Boston Classification System for Aphasia:
fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming
True or False: Beginning clinicians do not provide nearly enough instructions to the patients and they become confused
False
What is the most common diagnosis of nursing home patients?
Dementia
T/F Strokes are the leading cause of AOS.
True
Clinicians decide what to treat based on all of the following EXCEPT:
A. The pts DOB
Which of the following signs would NOT indicate Dementia?
B. Slow and effortful speech
T/F Aphasia only causes impairment in spoken language.
False
T/F TBI is more prevalent among adult males than females.
True
What is an early sign of dementia?
-memory failure
-lapses of judgement
-change in mood
-misplacing things
3 main ways to help people cope with dementia?
1. Information and support (caregivers and people with dementia)
2. Books
3. Support groups
Dementia is the most commonly single diagnosis for nursing home residents
TRUE
Alzheimer's is an example of cortical dementia.
TRUE
Allie Hamilton from The Notebook suffers from what disease?
dementia
What are 2 symptoms of RHD?
1. Insensitive to others
2. Verbose, tangential, and rambling speech
T/F- Right Hemisphere Language Battery is used to test the right hemisphere?
True
Which of the following is not a risk factor associated with TBI?
B. Place of birth
T/F- Least severe TBI is defined as physiologic injury to the brain without evidence of structural alteration.
TRUE
T/F- Aphasia is the inability to use abstract language.
TRUE
What type of attention is sometimes known as orienting and has a lot in common with phasic alertness?
B. Focused attention
"Presence of information in a stimulus beyond that needed to specify the target response under ideal conditions" refers to:
A. Redundancy
T/F: PICA stands for "Porch Insight of Communicative Ability"
False
Which of the following is NOT a behavioral characteristic of right-hemisphere brain damage?
A. Sensitive to others
What percentage of patients that are admitted into the hospital with a traumatic brain injury were intoxicated when admitted?
B. 40-60%
What are 3 types of feedback?
1. Incentive
2. Information
3. General encouragement
T/F: Aphasia is the inability to use abstract language.
TRUE
What is a type of Subcortical Dementia?
Parkinson’s Disease
What is reception and recall of information about past experiences?
Retrospective memory
What does WAB stand for?
Western Aphasia Battery
What testing gives the most direct indication of phasic alertness?
D. reaction-time testing
What means that the context in which behavior is trained is purposely made to resemble the context to which the behavior is to generalize?
B. Programming Common Stimuli
T/F Surface dyslexia and deep dyslexia sometimes accompany aphasia
true
Which of the following is not a visuospatial skill? A. Clock drawing
B. scanning and tracking
C. Following written directions
D. Checkbook entry and balancing
D. Checkbook entry and balancing
What does GOAT stand for?
Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test
Which type of feedback tells the recipient about the appropriateness, correctness, or accuracy of responses?
Information Feedback
Which member of the treatment team evaluates the patient’s nutritional needs and recommends dietary adjustments to correct nutritional deficiencies?
Dietitian
True/False: Using indiscriminable contingencies makes the generalization of behavior easier for the patient.
True
What type of attention refers to attending to more than 1 activity at the same time?
Divided Attention
True/False: Aphasia is a loss of language that only crosses into one modality (reading, writing, speaking, etc.) but not all.
False
What type of memory is being tested when the examiner asks the patient for personal info such as birthplace, school attendance, and employment history?
Remote memory
What is it called when the examiner doesn’t deliver a stimulus for a new trial until the last response has been recorded?
Continuous scoring
What type of task is popular with clinicians but may not produce lasting effects or improve the client’s daily life communication?
Confrontation-naming tasks
What type of impairment involves difficulty following familiar routes, reading maps, giving directions, etc?
Topographic impairment
What are caused by blows to the head that strike off center, causing it to to rotate and move at an angle away from impact?
Angular acceleration injuries
In which of the following designs are two or more behaviors measured in baseline sessions then the behaviors treated one after another?
A) Crossover Designs
Which type of attention denotes basic responsiveness to stimulation?
A) Focused Attention
Which type of aphasia is caused by massive damage in the perisylvian region of the language dominant hemisphere?
D) Global aphasia
Which type of drills are popular with clinicians but may not produce lasting effects?
D) Confrontation Naming Drills
What is the term that means denial of illness?
Anosognosia
What is "functional communication"?
communication in contexts resembling daily life
Increasing _____ & _____ of treatment stimuli can help brain-injured patients with impaired perception and attention.
intensity & salience
Which type of global aphasia slowly evolves to a less severe form?
evolving global aphasia
What does "neglect" mean in regards to perceptual impairments?
affected individuals fail to respond to stimuli on the side of the body opposite to the side where the brain injury occurred
What is component training?
training designed to stimulate and reactivate cognitive and linguistic processes by means of drill activities that usually have little surface similarity to natural contexts
What is the retention span for normal adults?
7+/- 2 items
What is a procedure for evaluating the functional significance of changes created by a treatment program?
Social Validation
Which is NOT a type of aphasia?
--Anomic aphasia
--Wernicke’s aphasia
Retrospective aphasia
--Broca’s aphasia
What is PHW?
Penetrating Brain Injuries
What is a type of cortical dementia?
Alzheimer's Disease
Who might Word Recognition Drills be appropriate for?
Patients who cannot read at the sentence level and who exhibit signs of either surface dyslexia or deep dyslexia
What does Social Validation do?
It attempts to determine whether a patient is better in a real world sense than he or she was before.
Name one of the ways Tompkins suggests to enhance right-hemisphere damaged adult’s generalization of behavior across settings.
Train self-instruction and verbal mediation.
What does the Glascow Coma Scale rate?
Head-Injured patient’s level of consciousness.
Who does the Brief Test of Head Injury screen?
Adults with severe impairments following traumatic brain injury.
What are the major cognitive processes supporting communication?
attention, memory, and executive function
What are the two ways social validation can be accomplished?
Compare the socially relevant behavior of the patient with the behavior of a normal group of peers & obtain subjective evaluations of behaviors from patient’s family
What are the three types of global aphasia?
acute,evolving, and chronic
Name 3 symptoms that people with right hemisphere brain injury might have
1. insensitive to others, preoccupied with self
2. oblivious to social conventions
3. unaware of or inattentive to their physical and mental limitations….
What percentage of patients admitted to hospitals with traumatic brain injuries are intoxicated?
about half 40-60%
________ _________ is a perceptual impairment with which and individual has difficulty orienting to extra-personal space.
Topographic impairment
(T/F) TBI is the result of gradual, external forces acting on the skull and brain.
False
________ _________ drills are used to move patients from repetition to less constrained responses.
Repetition-elaboration
What are three types of generalization procedures?
(choose 3) Loose training, sequential modification, training generalization, mediating generalization, programming common stimuli, training sufficient exemplars or using natural maintaining contingencies
What is a generic label for speech in which a person produces several utterances in response to a stimulus, topic, or event?
Connected speech
The “immediate memory” places info into what type of storage?
short term storage/memory
How can “procedural memory” be accessed?
through actually performing the task
What are the 4 types of memory that are tested?
retention span, recall new info, retrieval info from remote memory, visual memory
With what skills do the SLP collaborate with the OT?
visual perception, reading & writing
What are two different methods/designs for assessing the effects of treatment?
True/false: TBI is leading cause of neurologic disability in persons under age of 50.
TRUE
What is a loss of language as a result of brain damage?
Aphasia
What are the three components of working memory?
Central executive, phonological loop, and Visuospatial sketch pad
What are 2 early signs of dementia?
Memory failure, disorientation, lapses in judgement, difficulty performing ADLs, misplacing things, apathy and loss of initiative, and changes in mood
_______ is a way of evaluating the daily life significance of changes created by treatment.
Social Validation
_____ Recognition drills may be appropriate for patients who cannot read at the sentence level and who exhibit signs of either surface dyslexia or deep dyslexia.
Word
___________ means denial of illness and is common in right hemisphere injury patients
Anosognosia
This test is designed to measure the effects of of neglect on everyday activities.
Behavioral Inattention Test
______ provide a dependable way for clinicians to help patients correct or recover from error responses
