-
Alkylation
(Addition of alkyl radical with side chain final product)
- Petroleum
- Organic Chemicals
-
Amination of Ammonolysis
(Addition of NH3)
- Dyestuff
- Synthetic fibers
- Organic Chemical
-
Amination by Reduction
(Add H2)
- Dyestuff
- Organic Chemicals
Note: By Oxidation is the addition of O2
-
Ammonoxidation
(Add NH3 and O2)
-
Calcination
Cement
- CaCO3 ----> CaO + CO2
- Limestone heat
-
Carbonylation
(Add CO)
Organic chemicals
-
Caboxylation
(Add CO2) with Pressure
Organic chemicals
-
Combustion
- Process heating
- A + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O
-
Condensation
(Remove H2O)
Mostly for Aromatics
Synthetic perfumes
-
Cracking or Pyrolysis
Destructive distillation of coal and Petroleum
-
Cyanidation or Cyanation
(Add HCN)
Organic chemicals
-
-
Dehydration
(Dec H2O)
Organic Chemicals
-
Dehydrogenation
(Remove H2)
Synthetic Rubbers
-
Diazotization and Coupling
Dyestuff
-
Disproportionation
Organic chemicals
2A---> B + C
-
Double Decomposition: Metathesis
- Inorganic chemicals
- Note: Compounds exchange ions
-
Esterification
- Oils and Fats
- Soap
- Organic Chemicals
Note: Alcohol + Acid --> Ester + H2O
-
Halogenation
(Add X)
Organic Chemicals
-
Hydration
(Add H2O)
Inorganic and Organic Chemicals
-
Hydroformylation
(Add H2 and CO)
Organic Chemicals
-
Hydrogenation
(Add H2)
Fats, Waxes, Coal, Petroleum
-
Hydrolysis
(Add H2O, Remove Substituent)
Organic chemicals
-
Hydroxylation
(Add Alco)
Detergent
-
Isomerizarion
(usually involve heat)
Petroleum
-
Nitration
(Add HNO3)
Explosive and Dyestuffs
-
Oligomeration
- Organic Chemicals
- Note: multiple change in structure
-
Oxidation
(Add O2)
Organic Chemicals
-
Polymerization
a. Addition (combines monomers)
b. Condesation (splits comp: H2O, NH3, CH2O, NaCl)
Petroleum, Plastics, Elastomers, Synthetic fibers
-
Reduction
- Polymer catalysis
- ex: 3TiCl4 + Al --> 3TiCl3 + AlCl3
-
Sulfonation
(Add H2SO4)
- Dyestuffs
- Surface active agents
-
Thionation
(Add S or H2S)
Organic Chemicals
-
Manifacture of paper from pulp employing the Foudrinier machine
Kraft Process
-
Method of recovering hydrogen from water gas; carbon monoxide is reacted with the steam at 500°C in the presence of catalyst to form CO and H2
Bosch Process
-
Recovering cooper from its sulfide ores by leaching with cupric and sodium or calcium chloride solution and electrolyzing the resulting cuprous chloride liquor cell with impure cooper anonde protected by diaphragms; the electrolytic by product, cupric chloride, is returned for further leaching
Hoepener Process
-
Cooper or iron sulfides fused and blown with air to burn out the sulfur content
Holloway Process
-
Formation of rust resistant coating on iron; base metal by oxidation with superheated steam
Bariff Process
-
Process for reduction of lead ores; small charge is roasted slowly at low temperature, the lead being collected outside the furnace by means of a heat
Carinthian Process
-
Method of recovering gold and silver from their ores into a soluble from by treatment with cyanides
Cyanidation Process
-
Rubber reclaiming process in vulcanized scraps are introduced into a mixer (Banbury) where in the presence of air it is worked under pressure and at high temperature for a very short time
Babbyry Process
-
Sulfonation and extraction process in the manufacture of phenol
Dennis Bull Process
-
Soda ash manufacture
Solvay Process
-
Production of ammonia by direct combination of nitrogen and hydrogen at 600°C and under 200-300 atm in the presence of a catalyst
Haber-Bosch Process
-
Process of recovering sulfur from the buried porous cap rock of a salt dome and delivering it above ground as a product of suitable purity and condition for use
Frasch Process
-
Extraction of aluminum from bauxite
Hall's Process
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