Social Welfare Midterm

• Classism
• Sexism
• racism
• poverty
• institutional discrimination

• Republican Party
• Right side/wing

• Democratic party
• left wing/side of political spectrum

• Far right
• Extreme conservative perspective
• I.E- Libertarians

• Far left
• extreme liberal perspective
• I.E- Socialists

Both want to maintain the current structure, but make it fit their view point

Both want to completely change the current system

• People are pessimistic
• People are corrupt, lazy, self-centered
• People need to be controlled

• People are autonomous (self-governing), free will
• Result of motivation; choice; responsibility Poverty is due to irresponsibility, laziness, and lack of self-control

• Gov’t welfare program weakened the family, contributed to poverty
• Healthy Marriage Initiative (HMI) in 1996
• Value traditional family image and family as a helping resource

• Optimistic
• People are social, curious, and loving
• Accept the “blank slate” view
• People do not have to be controlled.

• History is progress 
• Better social welfare system

Believe social welfare systems have not gone far enough

• Optimistic
• People are inherently hard-working and creative
• Hard work as a virtue

• Result of our environment
• Result of immediate consequences of behavior Support prison programs (criminal behavior is learned)

• Liberals- family is evolving institution; flexible, pragmatic
• Radicals- regard the conservatives’ family perspective as oppressive and a distortion of both male and female talents

• Believe change has already gone too far
• Social welfare programs should be eliminated

• functional perspectives
• what exists is useful and necessary

• frequently unfair
• changes will reduce inequality and increase social justice

• Conflict perspective; a class hierarchy
• Changing society completely is the only way to prevent inequality

free-market process is legitimate; compassionate conservatism

• Prefers governmental welfare programs to private ones
• Gov’t regulation of economy

• both public and private elements; complete restructuring is necessary
• Socialism

• abolishing the income tax
• less government
• ending the war on drugs
• repealing all gun laws

• Traditionalists, neo-traditionalists, conventionalists
• Most people aren't strictly liberal or conservative, but a mix of both.

• Communitarians, pragmatists, and permissivists
• Most people aren't strictly liberal, radical, reactionary, or conservative, but a mix of many.

• Service
• Social Justice
• Importance of Human Relationships
• Integrity
• Competence

It is more liberal than is the general population but a large number of conservatives and moderates feel to comfortable within the professions ranks

• José Salinas- Was a child of former migrant farm workers; Center (OMEC) since June of 2000.
• Kimo Kim- Arrived in Michigan to study in 1981. Serving the migrant program in Michigan since 1987

• 215 million migrants worldwide
• 3% world‟s population (more than Brazil, almost 70% of USA populatoin

A person who leaves one country to settle permanently in another.

• Moves from place to place for seasonal or temporary work.
• The move can be an interstate, intra-state, or international

Migrant farm worker story of John Steinbeck opened the eyes of Americans.

• One of most famous documentaries of all time, 1960's
• by Edward R. Murrow brought needed legislation to the plight of the migrant farm worker

• Asking living wage, level, decent housing, children education to move out of the vicious cycle of poverty
• Cesar Chavez- leader

• Started in 1967.
• President Lyndon B. Johnson‟s “War on Poverty”.
• The U.S. Department of Education awarded each state money to provide supplemental educational services to migrant farm children and to keep children out of the fields.

• 70% of working children in agriculture.
• Almost ½ million children working in USA farm.
• Extreme hazardous condition & long hours Pesticide, Sharp tool, enormous machines. More than 100,000 children are injured every year.

• Double standards of USA legal system.
• About 20% of the handpicked food we eat is picked by kids in USA.
• Average farm worker family makes less than $17,500 a year, well below the poverty line.

• Social treatment (helping) 
• Social control

• Judaeo-Christian charity values
• Egalitarianism and individualism
• Protestant work ethic and capitalism
• Social Darwinsim
• New Puritanism
• Patriarchy
• White Privilege
• Marriage/ nuclear family
• American "ideal"

• People must care for one another.
• Social work ethics reflect Judaeo-Christian values, but social work practice owes more to individualistic values

• All citizens are equal before the law (citizenship used to= male property holders)
• Individual responsibility –Blame the victim –Failure on personal lack of effort

• the moral basis for American capitalism 
• –Work for economic gain is the way to success, a moral obligation 
• –Poverty and public dependency demonstrate immorality

• Survival of the fittest applied to human society.
• lives of people who were “economically unfit” should not be saved by public assistance

• Honesty, abstinence from things defined by religion and custom as immoral.
• the sanctity of marriage and family
• patriarchal authority in the home

• Male heads of families (power and authority)
• Related to: sexism, classism, racism, neocolonialism or imperialism

• European American norms are universal and supreme to other cultures.
• The power advantages that people of European descent collectively have over people of color

A social, sexual, and economic relationship in which a man and a woman are legally joined to found and maintain a family

• Lookism
• Otherism (ableism, ageism)

• Individualism (equality of opportunity) 
• –Self-sufficiency 
• –Voluntarism 
• –Distrust of government 
• –Market competition
•  –“land of abundance”
• No reason for people to be poor and therefore no reason for any but the most private charity

• Culturally determined.
• Biological model
• Ecological and Holistic approach
• General Systems model
• Navajo view vs. World Health Organization

A deviation from a biological norm

Absence of disease

Take into consideration environmental, socioeconomic, physiological factors which impact individual wellness.

Disruption of the interaction of natural systems

A disharmony with nature

Technical, medical treatment

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

Coping strategies

A person’s ability to function in the fullest and most positive way (self-actualization).

Spectrum of malfunctioning to functioning

• Patient cost $680 vs $100 of actual cost
• Latest technology
• growth of managed care

• Private health plans (employee related)
• Fed. Gov't expenditures (reimbursement for patients who can't pay)
• Out of pocket costs

• 48 million Americans lack health insurance- Census Bureau 2013
• 9% of children under 18 are uninsured
• "medically poor"

People who do not qualify for assistance (Medicaid), but whose low wages prevent them from buying health insurance.

• life expectancy
• Infant mortality rate
• AIDS

• Cultural factors (diet and health practices)
• Environmental factors (pollution)
• Economic factors (poverty vs. wealth)

• Diabetes among many native people (Oglala Sioux)
• High blood pressure among African Americans due to diet, smoking, and stress

• Lack of adequate health care
• higher rates of:
• Chronic disease
• death rate (3x)
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Asthma
• Tuberculosis

• Focuses on prevention of illness
• environmental causes of illness

• Primary- prevention
• Secondary- early detection
• Tertiary- rehabilitation

• Interrelationship of psychological, biological, and environmental systems
• Focuses on modifications in eating patterns, meditation, relaxation, exercise, and attitudes toward illness

• Public Health Reform bill- 1848
• The U.S. Public Health Service- 1912
• New theories about the environmental and social causes of disease