-
Achilles Tendinopathy pathophysiology:
Runners, neovascularization & innervation???
-
Achilles Tendinopathy treatment:
- Initial:
- - cryotherapy
- - heel lift
- - extracorporeal shock wave therapy
- - deep friction massage
- - eccentric strength training
Surgery if pt fails 3-6 months of conservative therapy
-
Osteoporosis risk factors:
- Family history
- Slender body build
- Fair skin
- Early menopause
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Cigarette smoking
- Meds (corticosteroids, L-thyroxine)
- >2 drinks of alcohol/caffeine per day
- Low calcium intake
-
Osteoporosis diagnosis:
DEXA scan
T score < -2 is diagnostic
-
Osteoporosis treatment:
Bisphosphonates
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) - effective for prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women and treatment of established osteoporosis but increases risk of DVT
Calcitonin is reserved for cases unresponsive to other therapies
-
Causes of Reactive arthritis (Reiter Syndrome):
- Genitourinary: Chlamydia, Ureaplasma
- GI: Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Klebsiella, Camphylobacter
May be the first manifesetation of HIV infection
-
Reactive arthritis treatment:
Initial: NSAIDS
- Refractory: DMARD (methotrexate, azathioprine, sulfasalazine)
- BUT, check HIV status first!
-
Gout diagnosis (gold standard):
Detection of urate crystals within the synovial fluid of affected joints
needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
-
Acute Gout treatment:
Indomethacin - inhibits prostaglandin synthesis that facilitates the inflammation of acute gout and inhibits phagocytosis of urate crystals by leukocytes which inhibits cell lysis and release of cytotoxic factors that initiate the inflammatory cascade
-
Gout prevention:
- Allopurinol - inhibits urate synthesis by irreversibly inhibiting xanthine oxidase
- Colchicine - anti-inflammatory, used with allopurinol
- Probenecid - promote urate excretion
- Sulfinpyrazone - promotes urate excretion
-
Teriparatide
- recombinant parathyroid hormone
- MOA: stimulates bone formation
|
|
