-
What are the four different types of communication patterns?
- Point to point communication
- Hormonal communication
- ANS communication
- Diffuse modulatory system communication
-
The hypothalamus is the integrating center for:
It controls:
- Visceral and hormonal functions
- Circadian rhythms, blood pressure, some emotion
-
The ________ ______ is connected to the hypothalamus by the _____ ______. The hypothalamus controls release of hormones from ________ _______
- pituitary gland
- pituitary stalk
- pituitary gland
-
There are two pathways/parts of the pituitary:
What cells do each have?
What is each pathway/parts function?
- Posterior & Anterior
- Poster: Magnocellular neurosecretory cells (Largest in hypothalamus)
- Anterior: Parvocellular neurosecretory cells
- Posterior:cells release neurohormone into capillaries in posterior lobe (Vassopressine/Oxytocin)
- Anterior: A variety of neurohormones that regulate hormones from other glands (e.g. thyroid), hormones transport through hypothalami-pituatary portal system through axons, bind to receptors (inhibit or excite).
-
The autonomic nervous system is ______/_______ and we are largely ________ to its functions. It is controlled by the ________ and _________. Homeostasis is a dynamic balance between _________ and _________, which are __________ to each other
- Reflexive/automatic
- oblivious
- hypothalamus
- medulla
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
- antagonistic
-
What is one large difference between the somatic motor system and the ANS?
- ANS is a 2-neuron system (preganglion, ganglion, postganglion)
- and SMS is a 1-neuron system
-
The preganglionic Neurotransmitter, ____ binds to ______ receptor, which allows ____ channel to open, causing ________. The preganglionic neurons originates from the ______ and _____ regions of the spine. It's axon projects through the ventral root and synapses onto postganglionic neurons.
- ACh
- Nicotinic
- NA+
- depolarization
- thoracic
- lumbar
-
Hyperpolarization
Postganglionic neurotransmitter, ____ binds to __________ receptor, this activates the g-protein and causes a series of chemical events, it opens channels and ___ leaves the cell, causing _________ of the neuron.
Depolarization
The NT ___________ binds to the _______-_________ receptor and also activates the g-protein and causes _________. Postganglionic neurons originate from the ______ and ______ region of SC, and they are closer to their target innervation.
- ACh
- Muscarinic
- K+
- hyperpolarization
- norepinephrine
- Beta1-Adrenergic
- depolarization
- medulla
- sacral
-
There are two divisions of the ANS:
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
-
The Sympathetic Division of the ANS
What is the order of events?
What is its purpose?
- CNS - preganglionic neuron - sympathetic chain - binds to Nicotin receptor - release ACh - Postganlionic neuron - release of norepinephrine onto receptor (Beta or Alpha) - depolarization
- This division uses energy in times when the body needs to be in a heightened state (fight or flight condition)
-
Parasympathetic Division of the ANS
What is the order of events?
What is the purpose?
- CNS - preganglionic neuron - release of ACh onto nicotinic receptor - postganglionic neuron - Release of ACh onto Muscarinic receptor
- This division maintains a resting condition in which energy is conserved
-
Diffuse modulatory systems
What are they?
What are some examples of neurotransmitters used?
Where do they originate?
How much might they increase?
Where are the neurotransmitters released?
- Collections of neurons that project onto large areas of the brain and SC
- Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Serotonin, Acetylcholine
- Brainstem - reticular formation
- from 1,500 to 100,000
- Extracellular fluid
|
|
