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Developmental stage approach
Change occurs, we adapt our behaviors
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Life-course approach
Families are affected by historical context. Eg. terrorism, new reproductive methods..etc
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Individual time
The chronological age
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Generational time
Roles or positions held in the family (grandmother, bread winner)
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Historical time
Refers to events during an era (9/11, civil rights..etc)
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Vertical stressors
Bring past and present issues to bear on the family. (Think handed down from generations..)
Attitudes, values, expectations, secrets
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Horizontal stressors
Issues developing and unfolding.
Stressors family as it moves across time(think timeline)
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Family Stress Model (System Levels)
Larger Society, Community, Extended Family, Immediate Family, Individual
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Stages in Family Life Cycle
Leaving home, couple, families with children, adolescents, launching children, later life.
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"On-time"
Becoming a father at 23.
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"Off-time"
Becoming a father after 40.
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Ambiguous loss
High uncertainty regarding personal relationships
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Types of ambiguous loss
- Physically present, psychologically absent
- (Alzheimer's, head injuries)
- Physically absent, psychologically present
- (missing children, soldiers, runaways)
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"A"
life event, stressor in neutral form.
Eg. serious illness, military deployment, winning lottery
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"B"
Resources a family can use to manage the stressor.
Eg. Money, friends, time & space. If child gets sick, doctor.
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"C"
Importance family attaches to a.
Eg. If family members get diabetes, some freak out, others manage the disease.
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X
The amount of disruptions that occur in the system, not all lead to a crisis
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Difference between ABCX and Double ABCX Model
ABCX Model focuses on pre-crisis area. Double ABCX focuses on family's efforts to recover over time.
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aA
Not only immediate stressor, but demands or changes that emerge from it.
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What are some of the factors included in aA?
- 1. Initial stressor and its hardships
- 2. Normative transitions
- 3. Prior strains
- 4. Consequences of the system's coping attempts
- 5. Ambiguity
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bB
Expanded family resources, emerging social systems
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cC
The way a family interprets a crisis
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xX
Effect of family's adaptation on the individual system and community levels
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Bonadaptation
Balance between the (1)member and family and (2)family and community.
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Maladaptation
Reflects an imbalance or severe loss in the family
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Stages in Family Crisis
- 1. Shock resulting in numbness, disbelief or denial
- 2. Recoil stage resulting in anger, confusion, blaming guilt and bargaining
- 3. Depression
- 4. Reorganization resulting in acceptance and recovery
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