Corrections Chapter 7.txt

  1. Trends in the Prison Population since the 1980s
    rise in elderly prisoners, minority prisoners, juveniles waived to adult status, and drug and property offenders
  2. Racial Disparity
    • often times there are more minorities in prisons than whites
    • this occurs because minorities tend to have:
    • 1) higher poverty rates
    • 2) higher arrest rates
    • 3) higher drug usage
    • 4) higher percentage of crimes committed against them
  3. Designs of Prisons
    • radial design
    • telephone pole design
    • courtyard style
    • campus style
  4. Maximum Security
    • designed to minimize the possibility of escapees and violence
    • strict limitations on inmates and visitors
    • 38% of state inmates
    • strict routines
    • frequent head counts
    • structures are built to last and tend to be older
  5. Medium Security
    • designed to prevent escapees and violence
    • less rigid than in maximum security facilities
    • 43% of state inmates
    • more privileges and contact with outside world
    • campus or courtyard style
    • razor-wire and guard towers remain
  6. Minimum Security
    • design and organized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as consistent with the concept of incarceration
    • 19% of state inmates
    • lacks guard towers and walls
    • prisoners live in dormitories or small private rooms
    • more personal freedom
    • still a prison
  7. Female Inmates
    • many women who enter prison are pregnant or have young children
    • have more hygienic needs than men
    • substance abuse issues
    • women have generally been the caretakers for their children
    • incarcerated women often have a history of sexual and physical abuse
    • gender issues (correctional officer-inmate relationship)
  8. Women Prisoners as Mothers
    • the separation of female inmates from their children is one of the greatest challenges in prison administration today
    • increasing number of women come to prison pregnant
    • greater need for medical stall
    • programs have developed to aid the inmate to bond with her infant
    • parenting programs for inmates to stay connected to their children
    • Girl Scouts Behind Bars
  9. Classification of Female Prisoners
    • classified like male inmates
    • as accomplices to men, they were given the same security classification
    • "over classification" became a barrier to successful reentry
    • reduced points for certain types of crimes
    • recognized that having children and close ties to communities makes females less of a risk
    • many females are moved to less secure prisons
  10. Challenges of Female Inmates
    • parenting issues and medical care
    • employment barriers - single parent lacking education and/or vocational skills
    • mental health - exhibit more mental health issues
    • substance abuse
  11. Programming Change for Female Inmates
    • Barefield v. Leach - equal programs needed to be provided for male and female inmates
    • Pargo v. Elliot - differences in programming between male and female prison did not violate Equal Protection
    • these led to expanded programing for females and additional facilities to allow female inmates to serve time closer to their families
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Corrections Chapter 7.txt
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corrections chapter 7
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