Corrections Chapter 7.txt

rise in elderly prisoners, minority prisoners, juveniles waived to adult status, and drug and property offenders

• often times there are more minorities in prisons than whites
• this occurs because minorities tend to have:
• 1) higher poverty rates
• 2) higher arrest rates
• 3) higher drug usage
• 4) higher percentage of crimes committed against them

• radial design
• telephone pole design
• courtyard style
• campus style

• designed to minimize the possibility of escapees and violence
• strict limitations on inmates and visitors
• 38% of state inmates
• strict routines
• frequent head counts
• structures are built to last and tend to be older

• designed to prevent escapees and violence
• less rigid than in maximum security facilities
• 43% of state inmates
• more privileges and contact with outside world
• campus or courtyard style
• razor-wire and guard towers remain

• design and organized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as consistent with the concept of incarceration
• 19% of state inmates
• lacks guard towers and walls
• prisoners live in dormitories or small private rooms
• more personal freedom
• still a prison

• many women who enter prison are pregnant or have young children
• have more hygienic needs than men
• substance abuse issues
• women have generally been the caretakers for their children
• incarcerated women often have a history of sexual and physical abuse
• gender issues (correctional officer-inmate relationship)

• the separation of female inmates from their children is one of the greatest challenges in prison administration today
• increasing number of women come to prison pregnant
• greater need for medical stall
• programs have developed to aid the inmate to bond with her infant
• parenting programs for inmates to stay connected to their children
• Girl Scouts Behind Bars

• classified like male inmates
• as accomplices to men, they were given the same security classification
• "over classification" became a barrier to successful reentry
• reduced points for certain types of crimes
• recognized that having children and close ties to communities makes females less of a risk
• many females are moved to less secure prisons

• parenting issues and medical care
• employment barriers - single parent lacking education and/or vocational skills
• mental health - exhibit more mental health issues
• substance abuse

• Barefield v. Leach - equal programs needed to be provided for male and female inmates
• Pargo v. Elliot - differences in programming between male and female prison did not violate Equal Protection
• these led to expanded programing for females and additional facilities to allow female inmates to serve time closer to their families