B.F. Skinner
Designed a learning chamber; operate conditioning chamber to observe animal behavior. It had a lever that could be pushed or disk that could be pecked this apparatus could measure animal's reinforcement from food.
- Reinforcement add +/- stimulus
- Positive Reinforcement - adding a + rein, after desired action
- Negative Reinforcement - something aversive is taken away after desired action is produced.
- All types of reinforcement is more likely to increase the likelihood of desired action.
- Pos. Stimulus Neg. Stimulus
- Add Positive Rein. Punishment
- Remove Punishment Negative Rein.
Shaping - involves systematic reinforcement of successive proximation of the desired behavior.
- Continuous reinforcement schedule ex. Candy machine
- Partial reinforcement schedule - sometimes depends on # of responses
- ratio schedule: # of respones
- interval schedule: timed responses
When Skinner gave rats food it was considered a primary reinforcer (basic biological need)
Secondary reinforcer - doesn't satisfy biological need but acquired power by it's connection with other enforcers ex. high grades.