bh

likely to become dependent feel phobic and feeling of inferioriy compared to social drinkers

stereotypical char are result of and not cause of sub dependence

genetic predisposition; single most significant factor; persons vulnerability

15 mL per Hr

20 mins of empty stom

• disinhibition
• impaired judgement
• fuzzy thinking
• mental relaxation
• depresses psychomotor act
• anx and tension are relieved
• becomes defensive

• med supervised bc of misery and risk of death
• drugs that have a cross-dependence w etoh used to avoid sx of wd

• benzodiazepines
• Librium, ativan, valium

minimize sx wd, prevent dts, decr seizures

• safety
• sedation - benzos
• supplementation - thiamine and folate

• delirium tremens
• ultimate level of cns irratibility 
• bd not only invents sensory input but also has extreme motor agitation
• hallucinations become visible
• tonic clonic seizure

• cause profound cns depression
• leads to death

barbs, antipsych, antidepress, benzos, and otehrs

intentional sedating unsuspecting person in bars

knockout drops

lifelong users

incr physical, cognitive, and emotional

late-onset users responding to stress

result of etoh inhibiting fetal development during 1st trimester; 3rd most common cause of mr

• microcephaly
• severe mr

mental do characterized by amnesia, clouding consciousness, confabulation, mem loss, peripheral neuropathy

poor nutrition of alcoholic & neurotoxic nature

decr amnt of thiamine, niacin, and folate

• anx do and acute etoh wd
• PO
• anti tremor agent
• parenteral used as anti panic
• accumulation

• stated w single dose of 250-500 mg/d
• after 1-2 wks dose decr
• maintenance dose of 12-250 mg/d

sweating, flushed face, tachy, hypotension, throbbing ha, n/v, palp, dyspnea, tremor, wkness, arryth, mi, cardiac failure, seiz, coma, death

• lg amnts: sleep, coma, deep anesth, death
• others: slurred speech, short attention span, loud talk, mem deficit

• depresses cns and vital centers anesthesized
• compromises breathing and hr -- coma/death
• gi bld and hemorr, hypothermia

sedation is predominant effect of etoh but as it wears off psychomotor act incr

• tremolousness
• nervousness
• anx
• anor
• nvd
• insomnia
• rapid pulse
• incr bp
• profuse perspiration
• fever
• unsteady gait
• dif concentrating
• exaggerated startle reflex
• cravind aod

maladaptive pattern of sub use: tolerance, wd, need for more

• dev of sub-spec synd dt recent ingestion
• clinically significant malada behavior/psych changes
• not dt gmc

• malad pattern of sub use leading to clinically signif impairment/distress
• failure to fulfill roles
• recurrent use in hazardous situations
• leads to legal probs
• never met criteria before

• dev of sub spec synd dt cessation
• clinically sig distress/impairment
• not dt gmc or other md

need for more amnts of sub to achieve same effects

• incr w etoh consumption
• when dop falls they want more

• most common
• insists they can stop at any time

• all fam members effected and need tx
• participate in behaviors that maintain addiction wo holding them accountable

• fam effected to extent where they rescue abuser 
• lying

• absenteeism esp after days off
• freq accidents
• drowsiness
• slurred speech
• inattention to appearance
• incr isolation
• freq secretive disappearances
• tremors
• flushed face
• watery red eyes
• spaced out
• odor of etoh or mints
• incr # phys complaints
• disappearing prescriptions raiding med cab

acetaldehyde