-
what are the four areas for IM injection?
- neck
- gluteal
- pectoral
- semtendonosis
-
what is borborygmus?
gut sounds
-
how do you listen to gut sounds?
- auscultate in each of four quadrants (1,2,3,4)
- 1 is dorsal and cranial and continue clockwise on right side & counter-clockwise on left side
-
what are four dewormers?
- ivermectin
- fenbendazole
- pyrantel pamoate
- pyrantel tartrate
-
which dewormer contains ivermectin?
Eqvalan (liquid and paste)
-
which dewormer contains fenbendazole?
Panacur (granules, paste, & suspension)
-
which dewormer contains pyrantel pamoate?
Strongid paste and Strongid-T
-
which dewormer contains pyrantel tartrate?
Strongid-C (daily additive to feed)
-
what is a parasite of the mouth?
gasterophilus (bot larvae)
-
what are two parasites of the stomach?
- Drashia megastoma
- Habronema spp.
-
what are two parasites of the small intestine?
- Parascaris equorum (ascards)
- Strongyloides westeri (intestinal threadworm)
-
what are two parasites of the large intestine?
- Strongyles spp.
- Oxyuris equi (pinworm)
-
what is a parasite of the liver?
Stongylus edentatus
-
what are two parasites of the lungs?
- Parascaris equorum
- Dictyocaulus arnfieldi
-
What are two parasites of the skin?
- Drashia spp.
- Habronema larvae
-
What are two parasites of the eye?
- Thelazia lacrymalis
- Onchocerca cervicalis
-
what are the eight items for a colic exam?
- 1. heart rate
- 2. respiratory rate
- 3. temperature
- 4. mucous membranes
- 5. capillary refill time
- 6. gut sounds
- 7. passing feces/gas
- 8. pain level
-
what is the normal equine heart rate?
22-48 bpm
-
what is the normal equine respiration rate?
10-20 rpm
-
what is the normal equine temperature?
99.5-101.5
-
what is colic?
stomach/digestive upset
-
what are the three levels of colic?
-
what are the parameters for mild colic?
- 40-60 bpm
- 20-30 rpm
- 99-100.5
- pale pink
- 1-2 sec
- present/normal or increased
- normal/yes
- mild
-
what are the parameters for moderate colic?
- 60-80 bpm
- 30-40 rpm
- 99-100.5
- pale pink/dark red
- 2-4 sec
- present/decreased
- small hard fecal balls/no
- moderate
-
what are the parameters for severe colic?
- 80+ bpm
- 40+ rpm
- <99 or >103
- reddish/purplish
- 5+ sec
- absent
- none/no
- severe
-
what are some common causes for colic?
- change in diet
- stress
- intussusception
- impaction
- enteroliths
- parasites
- surgery/anesthesia
-
what are the four core equine vaccines?
-
what are five risk-based equine vaccines?
- Influenza
- EHV
- Stangles
- Potomac Horse Fever
- Anthrax
-
what is EEE/WEE
- Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis
- Western Equine Encephalomyelitis
-
what is WNV?
West Nile Virus
-
what is the iteology of Strangles?
Steptococcus equi
-
what is EHV?
Equine Herpes virus
-
what causes abortion in horses?
EHV
-
what is EPM?
Equine Protozoan Myelitis
-
what are the effects of EPM?
neurological disease
-
which animal carries EPM?
possums
-
what is tested with the Coggins test?
EIA
-
what is EIA?
Equine Infectious Anemia
-
how is EIA spread?
blood to blood contact (direct, mosquito, biting fly, transfusions, contaminated equipment (needles))
-
what does EIA do?
destroys erythrocytes
-
what are the three forms of EIA?
-
what are the signs of acute EIA?
possible fever, off feed, sudden death
-
how long after exposure may acute EIA show signs?
7-30 days
-
what are the signs of chronic EIA?
positive Coggins, weight loss, weakness, anemia, swelling - symptoms may come and go
-
what are the signs of inapparent EIA?
none except positive Coggins
-
what is the Texas law on EIA?
- annual Coggins testing & certificate
- blood must be drawn by vet and tested by state/federal lab
-
how do you treat EIA?
don't - untreatable
-
what is the four options for course of action for positive EIA?
- euthanize
- donate to research
- donate to EIA sanctuary
- life long isolation
-
beginning with the mouth, what is the anatomy of the GI tract?
- mouth
- esophagus
- stomach
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
- cecum
- right ventral colon
- sternal flexure
- left ventral colon
- pelvic flexure
- left dorsal colon
- diaphragmatic flexure
- right dorsal colon
- transverse colon
- small colon
- rectume
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