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dante01
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Ethiopian Realm
- -SubSaharan Africa/Sahara Desert
- -starts where the green starts (satellite image)
- -consider it a giant island:ocean and dessert is a barrier
- -animals started in africa and moved to south america, then to north america
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Middle Pilocene
- -major movement of small animals; rodents
- -easy to move because offspring have greater chance of survival
- -6 million yrs ago
- 1. Grassland
- 2. Forest:
- -grassland creatures isolatd
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Porcupine
- -originated in Africa
- -find it in south america
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Cradle of Humanity
Olduvai Gorge
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Great rift valley
- -longest earthquake fault
- -topography can change anytime, also animals
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Lake Victoria
-2nd largest freshwater lake
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Congo Basin
-2nd highest concentration of rainforest
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Great savannahs
-most animals are here
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why is megafauna only in africa?
- -humans eradicated them from rest of the world.
- - Change in climate. After last ice age 86% of megafauna went extinct.
- -No body really knows true reason, both theories apply to Africa as well so why haven't the megafauna died off?
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Mega Fauna
- -Large animal of a family
- -Africa held onto its Mega Fauna
- -more mega fauna found here than anywhere else in the world
- -85% of large mammals went extinct
- -35% in North America
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Even toed grazers are true
ungulates
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Biodiversity Hotspots
- -lots of biodiversity, endemic species
- -in peril by human activity
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Eastern Afromontane
- -cradle of humanity
- -mountain ranges
- -similar plant and animals across region
- -geographically different
- -Great Rift valley
- -Glaciers(high) to wetlands(low)
- -original extent was over 1 million km2 now only 100,000km2
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Endemic Birds: Flamingos
- -more found in the rift
- -Remarkable adaptation to African lakes, which are volcanic/soda lakes(FULL OF SODIUM BICARBONATE).
- -Lake Nacaru
- -Lakes are very hot & toxic, flamingos fly over water and determine if it's safe to land.
- -feed on algae, keeps lake in check
- -They need fresh water nearby to wash out sodium bicarbonate from feather so it doesn't solidify.
- -also found in South America
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Ethiopian Wolf
- -top predator in the ecosystem
- -most endangered dog in the world
- -fewer than 400 adults
- -bad rep: killed because thought of predatory livestock
- -eats small gazelles not cattle
- -diseases from other domestic dogs (dis temper)
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Charismatic species
- -appealing to humans
- -reminds them of pets
- -Ex. Lion, tiger
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Flagship species
- -animal that promotes your cause
- -attracts to conservation efforts
- -Ex. WWF Panda
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Umbrella species
- -gives benefits to other animals in ecosystem
- -protecting this species, could protect others as well
- Ex. Sea otter
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Mountain Gorillas
- -Never successfully raised in captivity
- -thick and dark fur because of cold environment
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Lowland gorillas
- -see in zoos
- -roughly 100,000
- -shorter, softer hair
- -brow ridge muscles for chewing
- -toe alignment for movement
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New World vs Old World Primates
New World Monkeys have prehensile tails
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Ape vs Monkey
-Ape has no tail
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Elephant shrew
- -labeled as insectivores, rabbit, primate, ungulate
- -originally from Eurasia
- -inhabit a wide variety of habitats
- -living fossil:unchanged
- -endangered
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Aardvark
- -living fossil
- -eats ants and termites
- -digs hole for food
- -provides shelter for other animals
- -aerate the soil
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Termite mound
- -can be 100ft in a single km
- -can be very tall
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Pangolin
- -very similar to armadillo
- -keratin scales
- -perfect gift to government officials for showing respect
- -can travel up to 20km
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Golden mole
- -no eyes
- -tiny limbs
- -powerful shoulders
- -webbed feet
- -regulate body temperature
- -lowers metabolism
- -senses vibrations/hearing
- -efficient kidneys, dont need water
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Nile Crocodile
- -very large
- -Brain and heart are more advanced than any other reptile
- -high walk
- -swim with tails
- -adult male can be 2,200 pounds
- -1940s-60s were hunted to almost extinction
- -kill about 200-300 people per year
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Crocodile vs Alligator
Croc as A snout and Alli has C snout
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Deadly Snakes
- 1. Viper
- 2. Puff adder
- -most human fatalities
- 3. Cape Cobra
- -easily frightened
- 4. Black mamba
- -2nd largest venomous snake in the world
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Tsetse Fly
- -bite
- -huge problem in Africa
- -causes sleeping sickness
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Rain Frog
- -frog in dessert burrows
- -can't hop
- -lick up insects
- -no tadpoles, instead have yolk eggs that grow in burrow instead of water
- -only 2 inches long
- -defense:puffs up like a powder donut, secrete toxic ooze and taste nasty
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African Bullfrog
- -get up to 4 and 1/2 pounds
- -live in both moist and dry desert
- -carnivores
- -kill off lots of endemic species when invasive
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Giant African Land Snail
- -2nd most invasive species in the world
- -can be almost 8inches long
- -produce 1,200 eggs per year
- -has both sexual organs
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Giraffe
- -Fur has built in antibiotic and parasite repellent
- -2 aromatic chemicals in fur
- -elongated vertebrae, 7ft long neck
- -necking with other males
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Hippotamus
- -has to be kept wet
- -can't stay out of water for long
- -ooze a red substance (protective coating)
- -warning:open large jaws, sound
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