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Teacher centered orientation....
behaviorism
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T role is to provide info and supervise practice
stimulus-->response
uses incentives & rewards
behaviorism
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student centered theories (3)
- constructivism
- sociolinguistics
- information processing
-
background knowledge
learners are curious
collaboration NOT competition
K-W-L charts
constuctivism
-
importance of language and socializing
authentic activities are best
scaffolding is important
cultural
shared reading/lit circles
sociolinguistics
-
compares mind to computer
guided reading
grand convos
graphic organizers
information processing
-
schema theory-->constructivism-->who?
piaget
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inquiry learning-->constructivism-->who?
dewey
-
engagement theory-->constructivism-->what?
self-efficacy
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sociocultural theory-->sociolinguistics-->who?
vygotsky
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Teacher serves as model-->theory?
situated learning theory
-
political agenda
social and cultural diversity
solve inequities and injustices
critical literacy
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reading and writing are interactive processes of meaning making
focuses on comprehension
editing stages
interactive models
-
interpretation are individualized b/c each students brings different knowledge and experience to reading
transactional theory
-
cognitive strategies used to achieve a goal: visualizing, organizing, revising
metacognition
strategic behaviors
-
cueing systems
- pragmatics (function)
- syntax
- semantics
- phonology
-
levels of scaffolding? (5)
- model
- share
- interactive
- guided
- independent
-
lit focus units
lit circles
reading workshops
writing workshops
(Types of instructional program?)
authentic programs
-
basal reading
(Types of instructional program?)
textbook program
-
three ways to differentiate instruction:
-
steps to the reading process (5)
- prereading
- reading
- responding
- exploring
- applying
-
steps to the writing process (5)
- prewriting
- drafting
- revising
- editing
- publishing
-
reading and writing are ______ processes
reciprocal
-
writer's craft-->"the six traits"
- ideas
- organization
- voice
- word choice
- sentence fluency
- conventions
-
four ways to assess students' learning
- planning
- monitoring
- evaluating
- reflecting
-
3 reading levels
- independent
- instructional
- frustration
-
diagnostic assessments identify students'....
- strengths and weaknesses
- provide instruction to address problem areas
-
some diagnostic assessments include: (2)
- running records
- informal reading inventories
-
common core standards emphasize the importance of fostering children's interest in
- reading
- writing
- developing & understanding written language
-
stages of reading and writing
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Before, reading skills were taught as _________, children's _______ is now thought of as a tool for learning about the world
-
Reading and writing are processes of constructing _______
meaning
-
Piaget's description of learning as the modification of cognitive structures and children as active learners is fundamental to _______ learning theories
constructivist
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effective teachers know that students are often more highly motivated to read and write when they are given the opportunity to ___________
make choices
-
You want children to read to locate and remember information from a history selection, so you plan activities to help them take on an ________ stance
efferent
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Phonics instruction involves teaching children to recognize the correspondence between the smallest unit of sound, known as ___________, and ___________, the letters or letter combinations used in print.
-
Readers may change the words of a text they read aloud because of regional or cultural differences in ___________, and teachers should be concerned if ___________ is also changed.
-
Student comprehension is improved when students set a ______________(purpose, schema, guide) for reading before they read.
purpose
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Reading is a _______(task, skill, process) through which readers create ___________(phonemes, strategies, meaning)
-
You want to find out how fluently a child reads the text she is using for buddy reading. You decide to administer__________(running records, anecdotal notes, an informal reading inventory).
running record
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You want to plan instruction to help a student with the word identification errors she makes while reading aloud, but you don’t know what area to target. A __________(miscue analysis, running record, Names test) would reveal whether the student is struggling with certain patterns of words more than others.
miscue analysis
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A teacher who wants to know what strategies his students use when reading would learn the most from using a __________(traditional test, classroom assessment tool, rubric) designed for the next book students read.
classroom assessment tool
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The concept that children develop an awareness of functions of literacy and learn to interact with reading and writing in life is called __________(interactive readiness, functional literacy, emergent literacy).
emergent literacy
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