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Three types of Muscular Tissue
- Skeletal
- Carsiac
- Visceral (smooth)
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What are the Location, Function, Appearance, and Control of Skeletal muscle
- Location :Skeleton
- Function: Movement, Heat, Posture
- Appearance: Striated, Multi-nucleated, fibers parallel
- Control: Voluntary
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What are the Location, Function, Appearance, and Control of Cardiac muscle
- Location :heart
- Function: pump blood continuously
- Appearance: Striated,branching 1 cental nucleus, intercalated discs
- Control: involuntary
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What are the Location, Function, Appearance, and Control of Vinsceral muscle
- Location :G.I. track, uterus, eye, blood vessels
- Function: Peristalsis, blood pressure, pupil size, erects hairs
- Appearance: no striations,one central nucleus, spindle shaped cell
- Control: involuntary
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Functions of muscle tissue
- Movement
- Stabilized the body
- Control shape and size of internal organs
- Generate heat
- Aid in moving blood and lymph
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Sarcoplasmic recticulum-
store clalcium
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Acetylcholine is the
neurotransmitter
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Contractile protein
- Actin–thin filament
- Myosin-thick filament
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Regulatory protein
- Troponin
- Tropomyosin > both Cover actin
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Structural protein
- Dystrophin–protein that attaches myofibril to wall of cell
- Titin
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How do you get Myofibril
a bunch of sacomere put together
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A bunch of myofibril put together are called
muscle cell
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When calcium binds to troponin that is what starts
muscle movement
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Molecules do not shorten, but the sarcomere and therefore,
the muscle does shorten
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Isotonic contraction –
tension is constant but muscle length changes
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Concentric isotonic –
muscle shortens
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Eccentric isotonic –
muscle lengthens (force makes muscle keep moving b/c it is too heavy)
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Isometris contration-
tension changes but muscles length remains constant
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4 sources of ATP
- StoresATP (3sec)
- Storedcreatine phosphate (12sec)
- Anaerobicrespiration (30-40sec)
- Aerobicrespiration (min-hr)
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Recruitment-
the more forceful contraction a muscle needs,the more additional, motor units in that muscle are stimulated to contract
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Fast twitch-
- whitefibers
- is anaerobic
- has explosive power fatigues easily
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Slow twitch-
- Redfibers
- is aerobic
- has steady power
- Has endurance
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Cell membrane is in muscle is called
Sarcolemma
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Cytoplasm in muscle is called
sarcoplasm
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Contraction in muscle is:
regulated by cellular calcium
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Levels of muscle organization
- Action & myosin
- Myofiberils (strands of sarcomeres arranged end on end)
- Muscle cells or fiber ( bundle of myofibrils)
- fascicles (bundle of muscle cells)
- Muscle ( bundle of fascicles)
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Epimysium
Surrounds entire musle
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Perimysium
- surrounds a fascicle
- CT covering each fascicle
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Endomysium
- thin layer that surrounds each individual muscle cell
- CT covering each cell
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beneath the connective tissue endomysium of each muscle fiber is the:
Cell membrane sarcolemma
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Cytoplasm
full of contractile proteins arranged in myofibrils
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- 1: Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- 2: Sarcolemma
- 3: Myofibril
- 4: Sarcomere
- 5: Transverse tubule
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Sarcomere
- From "Z" disc to "Z" disc
- the basic unit
- Made of thick and thin filaments
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Dystrophin
attaches myofibers to the sarcolemma
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Thin filaments
comprised mostly of the structural protein ACTIN, but also regulatory TROPONIN and TROPMYSIN
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Thick filaments
comprised mostly of structural protein MYOSIN
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Carbon binds to _____ which changes the shape of the _________-________ complex and uncovers the myosin binding site on actin, thus beginning the ______ cycle
- Troponin
- Troponin-tropomyosin
- Contraction cycle
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Neuromuscular junction
junction of a motor neuron axon with skeletal muscle cell
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Communication between a neuron and an adjacent cell occurs by:
Neurotransmitter
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Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter in the
skeletal muscle
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Synapse
junction between a neuron and another cell
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Synaptic cleft
- gap between two cells
- neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the gap
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Action potential
moves down nerve of muscle in a wave like pattern
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Sliding filament concept of contraction
- Step 1: ATP hydrolysis
- Calcium binds to troponin
- Step 2: Attachment
- Myosin binds Actin
- Step 3: Power stroke
- Myosin crossbridges rotate toward cent of the sarcomer
- Step 4: Detachment
- ATP binds Myosin> detaches
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4 sources of ATP for muscle contraction
- Limited amounts of ATP are Stored in muscle fibers
- Creatine phosphate pathway (fasted way to get ATP)
- Fermentation (no oxygen)
- Cellular respiration (best long term source)
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Smooth muscle
- No striation
- Limited storage of calcium
- Contraction regulated by calmodulin
- Contract and relam slowly
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