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What is cardiac muscle tissue and where is it located?
Straited branched fibers that r involuntarily controlled and are located in the heart wall.
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What is smooth muscle tissue and where is it located?
Nonstraited ,spindle shaped fibers that r involuntarily controlled. located within blood vessels, uterus, and lines digestive tract.
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What is skeletal muscle tissue and where is it located?
Straited long fibers that are voluntarily controlled . Located attacted to the bones.Only type of muscle tissue that is considered part of the muscular system.
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What is Excitability?
The ability to recieve and respond to stimulus.
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What is contractilbility?
ability to shorten when stimulated .(contract)
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What is Extensibility?
The ability to be streched or extended.
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What is Elasticity?
ability to recoil after being streched.
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What are the four muscle functions?
Production of movement , Maintenance of posture and body position , Stabilizing joints, Generation of heat.
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What is the nerve and blood supply of a skeletal muscle?
Each muscle is supplied by one nerve, one artery, and one or more veins . Skeletalmuscles have a very rich blood supply because they are so active , so they need a constant supply of energy and oxygen.
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What are connective tissue sheaths ?
sheaths of connective tissue that support muscle fibers and reinforce muscles during powerful contractions.
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What is an Epimysium?
Dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle.
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What is a Perimysium?
fibrous connective tissue that surrounds a group of muscle tissue called fascicles.
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What is Endomysium?
thin layer of areolar connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers.
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What is an insertion?
movable bone to which a muscle is attached.
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What is an orgin?
less movable bone to which a muscle is attached.
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What is direct attachment?
epimysium of the muscle directly attached to the bone.
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What is indirect attachment?
epimysium is attached to a tendon or aponeurosis which is then attached to a bone.
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What is a tendon?
cord of fibrous tissue.
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What is Aponeurosis ?
sheat of fibrous tissue.
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What is a sarcoplasm?
cytoplasm inside a muscle fiber.(jelly like)
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What is glycogen?
carbohydrate, large molecule made up of many glucose molecules used to store energy
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What is myoglobin?
red pigment that stores oxygen
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What are myofibrils?
thin threads that extend the length of a muscle fiber.
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What is sarcoplasm reticulum?
fluid filled sacs that surround each myofibril . Store n release calcium.
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What are filaments?
are directly involved in the contraction process and are arranged in sacromeres.
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What is a sacromere?
basic unit of a myofibril
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What is a Z disc?
lines that mark the ends of each sacromere
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What is actin?
thin filament of contractile protein which is attached to the Z disc.
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What is myosin?
thick filament of contractile protein that is directly attached to the z disc.
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What is an A band ?
where the actin and myosin overlap and the area in between
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Where is the zone of overlap?
at each end of the A band just where u have to overlap.
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What is the I band?
where there is only actin
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What is the H zone?
where you just have myosin.
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What is the M line ?
A line that goes right down the centerof the sacromere formed by proteins.
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What is the structure and protein of myosin?
each myosin is made up of a tail n two heads which stick out and r capable of movin
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What is the structure and function of actin?
composed of a string of actin molecules twisted into a helix.Each actin molecule contains a myosin bindin site where a myosin head can attach.
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What are regulatory proteins?
proteins that help switch the contraction process on and off.
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What is Tropomyosin?
brown protein that covers the myosin bindin sites on actin when a muscle is relaxed.
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What is Troponin?
yellow proteins that hold the tropomyosin in place
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What is neuromuscular junction?
where a nerve impulse from a motor neuron is transmitted to a muscle fiber. region of contact between motor neuron and muscle fiber.
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What is at the end of a motor neuron?
Axon terminal and synaptic end bulb
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what does the synaptic end bulb contain?
synaptic vescicles filled with acetylcholine (ach)
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what is the synaptic clef?
space between the synapic end bulb and the muscle fiber.
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what is the motor end plate?
region on the muscle fiber thats directly opposite from the synaptic end bulb
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what is creatine phosphate?
high energy molecule that is stored in muscles. creatine phosphate +ADP>creatine +ATP.provides energy for about 15 seconds of activity ex. running a 100 meter dash.
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anaerobic respiration (glycolysis)
series of reactions that do not require oxygen .begins to break down glucose molecules. Used after creatine phosphate is used up, provides energy for about 30-40 seconds of activity . ex-runnin a 400 meter dash.
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