tox 2 sedative/hypnotics

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zolpidem overdose Tx
- activated charcoal
- flumazenil - reverse CNS & respiratory depression
clinical presentation of zolpidem overdose
- drowsiness & dizziness
- hypotonia
- blurred vision
- mydriasis
- gait disturbances
- memory impairment
- hallucinations
malonylurea derivative and allosteric modulator of GABA_A

barbiturates
ultra short acting barbs
- thiopental
- methohexital
- thiamylal
short acting barbs
- pentobarbital
- secobarbital
- butalbital
- hexobarbital
intermediate acting barbs
- amobarbital
- aprobarbital
- butabarbital
long acting barbs
- phenobarbital
- mephobarbital
- barbital
- metharbital
- primidone
which brain areas are most susceptible to barbiturate overdose and CNS effects
- reticular activating system
- cerebellum
what neurotransmitter do barbs affect

GABA
2 major consequences for barbiturate toxic manifestations

decreased postsynaptic depolarization of Ach - resulting in smooth, skeletal, cardiac muscle depression

higher doses depress medullary respiratory centers - all 3 drives
3 respiratory drives inhibited by high dose barbs
- neurogenic - resp rhythm during sleep
- chemical - carotid & aortic receptors, pH
- hypoxic drive - decreased baroreceptor response
clinical presentation of barb overdose
- CNS depression
- respiratory depression
- hypotension
- hypothermia
- bullous skin lesion
dosing of AC for barb overdose
- adult 50-100g
- child 1g/kg
most effective treatment for long acting barb overdose

hemoperfusion
secondary insults of barb overdose
- brain
- lungs
- kidneys
benzo overdose doesn't cause what
- significant acid-base or electrolyte abnormalities
- hypoglycemia due to CNS depression should be ruled out
how does tolerance to benzos result

downregulation of receptors
characteristics of S/H withdrawal

sympathetic stimulation
date rape drug and the 3 D's associated with
- flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
- drowsiness
- disorientation
- dizziness
antianxiety agent with a high affinity for 5-HT1_1A and D₂ receptors

busprirone - buspar

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tox 2 sedative/hypnotics

Description

tox 2 sedative/hypnotics

Updated

2013-10-27T15:29:15Z

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