-
sound is ___ in air pressure
changes
-
qualities in sound
- -frequency
- -amplitude
- -timbre
-
-
-
fundamental frequency
f of o = 220hz
-
point of the queen backmasking
its hard to turn off top down processing
-
hearing as pattern recognition : we label ____ to recognize them
sounds
-
the outer ear is used for
amplification
-
converts mechanical pressure to liquid born impulses
middle ear
-
converts liquid borne vibrations to movement of hair cells on basilar membrane, which are converted into neural impulses
inner ear
-
parts of the inner ear
- cochlea
- liquid born vibrations
- basilar membrane
-
high pitched sounds are processed in which part of the basilar membrane
near the oval window
-
low pitched sounds
middle of spiral
-
fibers leaving via the auditory nerve ____ tonotopic organization
preserve
-
A1
primary auditory cortex
-
41, 42 areas
Brodmann's areas
-
left side of the rain is more sensitive _____ sound
speech
-
right side of the brain is more sensitive to ____
tones
-
association cortex is responsible for
- harmonic patterns
- melodic patterns
- rhythmic patterns
- music
-
auditory nerve and auditory cortex are ____
tonotopic
-
features: _____ cell recordings
single
-
wholes : ____ cell recordings. ERP's
multiple
-
A1 is more _____ to pure tones
representative
-
secondary regions are associated with this type of consciousness hearing
pitch
-
some cells are specialized for ____ and location
loudness
-
to determine location
- -time differences
- -intensity differences
-
second mechanism for detecting location
- -distortions by head and outer ear
- -learn how sounds are distorted (position)
-
auditory stream segregation-separating out a single stream of different sounds into different objects and locations
determining "what"
-
-
MMN occurs when a sound is ____ relative to preceding sounds
unexpected
-
3 auditory illusions
- -missing fundamental phenomenon
- -mcgurk effect
- -phonemic restoration effect
-
universal- cross cultural
emerges with out training
music perception
-
set of discrete pitches
presented in pattern that vary over pitch and rhythm
musical systems
-
"wholes" of music
emotions, musical phrases (mary had a little clam)
-
"features" of music
pitch, rhythm
-
lyrical features
phonemes
-
-
poor at detecting changes in pitch and two musical phrases
congenital amusia
-
difficulties recognizing scary music. otherwise can recognize other types of music (like happy music)
amygdala damage
-
___ % of people report earworms
98
-
-
sound frequency against time
intensity is shown by darkness
consonents are shorter
vowels are longer
spectrogram
-
consecutive speech sounds blend into each other due to mechanical constraints on articulators. siri voice is a good example
co-articulation
-
tongue, teeth, palate are considered
articulators
-
icecream vs i scream is an example of the
segmentation problem
-
pitch, age, gender
different dialects (tempo, vowels)
talking speeds
interspeaker differences
-
speech perception is guided by knowing how phonemes are produced
motor theory of speech perception
-
primary auditory cortex
not specialized for speech
-
association areas
left hemisphere responds more to speech than non speech
-
damage to the left hemisphere could result in
auditory agnosia
-
___- convey socially important information such as age, ___ and emotion
voices; gender
-
the voice selective region is in the ____ superior temporal lobe
right
-
dual routes for speech perception: ____ route and _____- _____ route
dorsal; parieto-frontal
-
-what pathway
-recognizes speech acoustically
-important for speech comprehension
ventral route
-
-lowest frequency in complex sound
-sinusoids are placed evenly (eg. 220 hz, 440 hz, 660 hz)
-taking out fundamental frequency, still hear it because of this illusion
fundamental frequency problem
-
-auditory and visual information are contradictory
-vision overrides the way we hear
-visual and auditory info are combined
-gagaga bababab
mcgurk effect
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