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Central nervous system
- (CNS)
- The brain and spinal cord
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Brain
Part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium
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Brainstem
Connects the brain the spinal cord, assists in breathing, heart rhythm, vision & consciousness
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Pons
Part of the brainstem that connects the brain & the spinal cord, controls sensory processes
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Medulla oblongata
Part of the brainstem that connects the brain & the spinal cord, controls respiration & heartbeat
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Midbrain
- (mesencephalon)
- Part of the brainstem that connects the brainstem to the cerebellum, controls sensory processes
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Cerebellum (hindbrain)
Posterior portion of the brain that coordinates the voluntary muscles & maintains balance & muscle tone
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Cerebrum
Largest & uppermost portion of the brain, divided into right & left halves (called cerebral hemispheres) & subdivided into lobes
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Cerebral cortex
Outer layer of the cerebrum, controls higher mental function
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Frtonal lobe
Front portion of the cerebrum that controls higher mental function
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Gyrus
Raised convolution on the surface of the cerebrum
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Occipital lobe
Back portion of the cerebrum that controls vision
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Parietal lobe
Middle-top portion of the cerebrum involved in perception of touch, temperature & pain
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Sulcus
Groove/fissure on the surface of the brain
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Temporal lobe
Portion of the cerebrum below the frontal lobe, controls senses of hearing & smell as well as memory, emotion, speech & behavior
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Diencephalon
- (hypophysis)
- Area deep within the brain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus & pituitary gland, responsible for directing sensory information to the cortex
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Cerebrospinal fluid
- (CSF)
- Colorless fluid that circulates in & around the brain & spinal cord, acts as a protector & transports nutrients
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Meninges
Membranous covering of the brain & spinal cord
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Arachnoid
Delicate fibrous membrane forming the middle layer of the meninges
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Dura mater
Strong fibrous membrane forming the middle layer of the meninges
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Pia mater
Thin inner layer of the meninges that attaches directly to the brain & spinal cord
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Spinal cord
Portion of the central nervous system contained in the spinal or vertebral canal, responsible for nerve conduction to & from the brain & body
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Ventricle
One of four interconnected cavities within the brain that secreted cerebrospinal fluid
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Peripheral nervous system
Part of the nervous system external to the brain & spinal cord that consists of all other nerves throughout the body
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Nerve
Whitish cordlike structure that transmits stimuli from the central nervous system to another area of the body or from the body to the central nervous system
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Ganglion
Group of nerve cell bodies located along the pathway of a nerve
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Neuroglia
- (Glia)
- Cells that support & protect nervous tissue
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Neuron
Nerve cells, cells that make up the basic structure of the nervous system & conduct impulses
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Cranial nerves
The 12 pairs of nerves that emerge from the cranium
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Spinal nerves
The 31 pairs of nerves that emerge from the spine
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Cerebell/o
Cerebellum (little brain)
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Cortic/o
Cortex (cerebral cortex)
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Esthesi/o
Sensation, perception
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Gangli/o, ganglion/o
Ganglion
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Mening/o, meningi/o
Meninges
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Myel/o
Bone marrow, spinal cord
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Narc/o
Stupor, numbness, sleep
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Spondyl/o, vertebr/o
Vertebra
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Hallucin/o
To wander in one's mind
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Ment/o, phych/o, phren/o
Mind, mental
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Thym/i, thym/o
Mind, soul, emotion
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De-
Away from, cessation, without
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-logist
One who secializes in
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-paresis
Parital or incomplete paralysis
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-iatrist
One who specializes in
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-mania
Excited state, obsession
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-philia, -phile
Attraction for
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-phobia
Abnormal fear, aversion to, sensitivity to
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Bipolar
Having two ends or extremes
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Epidural
Pt on or outside hte dura mater
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Ictal
Pt caused by a stroke/seizure
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Ischemic
Pt lack of blood flow
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Neural
Pt nerves or any structure consisting of nerves
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Postictal
Pt following a seizure
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Radicular
Pt root (nerve)
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Subdural
Pt below dura mater
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Alzheimer's disease
A degenerative progressive brain disease that results in impairment of language function, inability to calculate & deterioration of judgement
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Amnesia
Loss of long-term memory
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Amyotrophic laterol sclerosis
- ALS
- Lou Gehrig disease
- Condition marked by a progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells, leads to muscle weakness & eventually paralysis & death
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Aphasia
Impaired comprehension or formulation of speech, reading, or writing caused by damage to the brain
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Ataxia
Lack of muscle coordination, may involve the limbs, head or trunk
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Bell palsy
Paralysis of facial muscles, often on one side of the face, caused by a dysfunction of a cranial nerve
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Cerebral aneurysm
Widening of a blood vessel in the brain, usually due to a weakness in the wall of the artery
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Cerebral palsy (CP)
Defect of motor power & coordination related to damage to the brain that occurred prenatally, or in the first 3 yrs of life
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Cerebral thrombosis
Clot within a blood vessel of the brain
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Cerebrovascular accident
Damage to the brain caused by an interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain
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Coma
A state of profound unconsciousness
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Concussion
Injury to the brain resulting from a blow or violent shaking
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Disorientation
Loss of sense of familiarity with one's surrounding (time, place & self)
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Encephalitis
Inflammation of the entire brain
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Epilepsy
Disorder of the central nervous system that is usually characterized by seizure activity & some alteration of consciousness
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Herpes zoster (shingles)
Painful viral infection that affects the peripheral nerves & causes an eruption of blisters that follows the course of the affected nerves, closely related to varicella
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Incoherence
Confusion, denoting unconnected speech or thoughts
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Lethargy
A feeling of sluggishness or stupor
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Hemiparesis
Partial or incomplete paralysis affecting one side of the body
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Hydrocephalus
A condition involving increased cerebrospinal fluid, leads to enlargement of the cerebral ventricles & an increase in intracranial pressure, may cause cranial enlargement
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Migraine
Recurrent syndrome characterized by unilateral head pain, vertigo, nausea & sensitivity to light
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Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Common disorder of the central nervous system that causes sclerotic patches (plaques) in the brain & spinal cord, symptoms may include visual loss, weakness, paresthesisas, bladder abnormalities & mood alterations
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Narcolepsy
- (Excessive sleep disorder)
- Neurologic condition consisting of recurring episodes of sleep during the day & often disrupted nocturnal sleep
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Neuralgia
Pain in a nerve
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Neuritis
Inflammation of nerve
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Neuropathy
Disease of nerves
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Paraplegia
Paralysis of the legs & lower part of the body
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Paresthesia
An abnormal sensation, such as numbness, tingling or pins & needles
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Parkinsonism
- Parkinson's Disease
- Degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's motor skills & speech, most notably characterized by tremors of the limbs
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Poliomyelitis
Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
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Polyneuritis
Inflammation of a number of peripheral nerves
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Radiculitis
Inflammation of the nerve roots
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Radiculopathy
Disease of the nerve roots
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Seizure
Violent spasm or series of jerky movements of the face, trunk or limbs
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Sleep apnea
Disorder marked by interruptions of breathing during sleep
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Stupor
State of impaired consciousness in which the person shows a marked reduction in reactivity to environmental stimuli
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Subdural hematoma
A collection of blood below the dura mater resulting from a broken blood vessel, usually due to trauma
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Syncope
- Syncopal episode
- Fainting or an episode of fainting, usually due to lack of blood supply to the cerebrum
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Tourette's syndrome
Tic disorder characterized by intermittent motor & vocal manifestations that begins in childhood
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Transient ischemic attach
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- Sudden, brief & temporary cerebral dysfunction usually caused by interruption of blood flow to the brain
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Anxiety
Feeling of fear, worry uneasiness or dread
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- (ADHD)
- Condition that begins in childhood & is characterized by short attention span, rapid boredom, impulsive behavior & hyperactivity
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Agoraphobia
Type of mental disorder with an irrational fear of leaving home & going out into the open, usually associated with panic attacks
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Autism
Disorder of unknown cause consisting of self-absorption, withdrawal of social contracts, repetitive movements & other mannerisms, severity varies from mild (functional) to severe (catatonic)
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Bipolar disorder
Disorder characterized by the occurrence of alternating periods of euphoria (mania) & depression
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Catatonia
A phase of schizophrenia in which the patient is unresponsive, sometimes remaining in a fixed position without moving or talking
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Claustrophobia
Fear of being shut in or enclosed
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Compulsion
Uncontrollable impulses to perform an act, often repetitively, to relieve anxiety, if the compulsive act is prevented, the anxiety becomes fully manifested
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Delirium
An altered state with confusion, distractibility, hallucinations & over activity caused by medication or a metabolic disorder
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Delusion
A false belief or decision that is strongly held & remains unchanged regardless of any outside factors
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Dementia
Usually progressive loss of cognitive & intellectual functions , without impairment of perception or consciousness, most commonly associated with structural brain disease
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Depression
Mental state characterized by profound feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness & lack of interest or pleasure in activities
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Euphoria
An exaggerated feeling of well-being
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Hallucination
False perception unrelated to reality or external stimuli, can be visual, auditory or related to other senses
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Mania
Emotional disorder characterized by euphoria or irritability as well as rapid speech, decreased need for sleep, distractibility & poor judgment, usually occurs in bipolar disorder
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Neurosis
Psychological or behavioral disorder characterized by excessive anxiety
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Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
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- Condition associated with recurrent & intrusive thoughts, images & repetitive behaviors performed to relieve anxiety
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Panic disorder
Form of anxiety disorder marked by episodes of intense fear of social or personal situations
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Paranoia
Mental state characterized by jealousy, delusions of persecution, or perceptions of threat or harm
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Phobia
Extreme persistent fear of a specific object or situation
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Post-tramautic Stress Disorder
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- Persistent emotional disturbances that follow exposure to life-threatening catastrophic events such as trauma, abuse, natural disasters & war
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Psychosis
Mental disorder extreme enough to cause gross misperception of reality with delusions & hallucinations
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Schizophrenia
Common type of psychosis, characterized by abnormalities in perception, content of thought, hallucinations & delusions & withdrawn or bizarre behavior
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Babinski sign
Toe movement elicited by manipulation in a neurologic test performed on the sole of the foot to indicate injury to the brain or spinal nerves
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Cerebral angiography
Radiography of blood vessels in the brain after injection of radiopaque contrast material
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Deep tendon reflex
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- Evaluation of the response of a muscle to stimuli to provide info on the integrity of the CNS & PNS, generally decreased reflexes indicate a problem with the PNS & lively or exaggerated reflexes indicate problem with the CNS
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Electroencephalogram
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- Electrical recording of activity of the brain
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Evoked potential studies
Diagnostic tests that use an EEG to record changes in brain waves during various stimuli
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Glasgow coma scale
A neurologic scale used to assess level of consciousness
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Lumbar puncture
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- Process of inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar spine to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for analysis
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Magnetic resonance imaging
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- Imaging technique that uses magnetic fields & radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures, often used for diagnosing soft tissue
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Myelogram
Radiographic contrast study of the spinal subarachnoid space & its contents
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Polysomnography
Monitoring & recording of normal/abnormal activity during sleep to diagnose sleep disorders
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Positron emission tomography
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- A nuclear medicine procedure that shows blood flow in the brain that can correspond to various brain activity
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Craniectomy
Excision of part of the cranium to access the brain
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Craniotomy
Incision into the skull to access the brain
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Ganglionectomy
Excision of a ganglion
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Laminectomy
Excision of the thin plate of the vertebra to relieve pressure on the spinal cord
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Neurolysis
Separation of a nerve from inflammatory adhesions
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Neuroplasty
Surgical repair of the nerves
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Psychotherapy
General term for an interaction in which a trained mental health professional tries to help a patient resolve emotional & mental distress
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Radicotomy
- (Rhizotomy)
- Incision into the spinal nerve roots to relieve pain/spastic paralysis
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Analgesic
Drug that relieves pain
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Anthesthetic
Compound that provides temporary loss of sensation
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Antianxiety agent
- (Anxiolytic)
- Category of drugs used to treat anxiety without causing excessive sedation
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Anticonvulsant
Drug that prevents/arrests seizures
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Antidepressant
Drug used to treat depression
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Anti-inflammatory
Drug that reduces inflammation
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Epidural injection
SubQ/IM injection of an analgesic into the epidural space
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Hypnotic
Drug that promotes sleep
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Neuroleptic
Class of psychotropic drugs used to treat psychosis, particularly schizophrenia
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Psychotropic
Drug used to treat mental illnesses
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Sedative
Drug that quiets nervous excitement
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Electroencephalography Technician
Person who is trained to set up & perform EEGs
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Neurology
Medical specialty concerned with the study & treatment of conditions involving the nervous system
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Neurologist
Physician who specializes in neurology
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Psychiatry
Medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis & treatment of mental disorders as practiced by a licensed medical doctor who may prescribe meds
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Psychiatrist
Physician who specializes in psychiatry
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Psychology
Medical specialty concerned with the study & treatment of mental processes, behaviors & abnormal/irregular mood disorders as practiced by a trained professional who is not a medical doctor & is not authorized to prescribe meds
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Psychologist
One who specializes in psychology
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Orbit
Bony cavity of the skull that encases the eye
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Conjuctiva
Mucous membrane that lines the eyelids & outer surface of the eyeball
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Lacrimal glands
Glands that secrete tears
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Lacrimal ducts
Channels that carry tears to the eye
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Nasolacrimal ducts
Ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands to the nose
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Tarsal glands
- (Meibomian glands)
- Oil glands along the edges of the eyelids that lubricate the eye
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Sclera
Tough outer layer of the eye (white) that extends from cornea to optic nerve
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Cornea
Transparent outer covering of the anterior portion of eye
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Aqueous humor
Watery fluid that fills anterior chamber of the eye
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Iris
Colored muscular part of the eye located behind the cornea that allows light to pass through
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Pupil
Opening in middle of iris through which light passes
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Lens
Transparent structure behind pupil that bends & focuses light rays
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Choroid
Middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels
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Vitreous humor
Jellylike fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye
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Retia
Innermost layer of the eye that contains visual receptors
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Optic nerve
Nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain to provide the sense of sight
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Fundus
Posterior portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the ophthalmoscope
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Dacry/o, lacrim/o
Tears or tear ducts
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Presby/o
Related to aging
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Pupil/o, cor/e, cor/o
Pupil
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-ectasia, -ectasis
Dilation, stretching
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-lysis
Destruction, breakdown, separation
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-meter
Instrument for measuring
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-phobia
Abnormal fear, aversion to, sensitivity to
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-plasty
Surgical repair, reconstruction
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-ptosis
Prolapse, drooping, sagging
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-scopy
Process of examining, examination
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-spasm
Involuntary movement
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Accomodation
Ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
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Conjunctival
Pt conjunctiva
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Intraocular
Within/inside eye
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Ocular, ophthalmic
Pt eye
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Amblyopia
Poor vision, usually in only one eye, caused by abnormal development of visual areas, also known as "lazy eye"
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Astigmatism
Distorted, blurry vision caused by abnormal curvature of the cornea or lens
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Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid
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Blepharoptosis
Drooping of the eyelids, also shortened to ptosis
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Blepharospasm
Contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye, which causes uncontrolled blinking
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Cataract
Clouding of the lens of the eye, which causes poor vision
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Chalazion
- (Meibomian cyst)
- Obstruction of an oil gland in the eye
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Color blindness
Deficiency in distinguishing some colors
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Conjunctivitis
Highly contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva (pinkeye)
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Dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal gland
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Dacryocystitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal sac
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Dacryolith
Stone in the lacrimal sac/ducts
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Dacryorrhea
Excessive discharge of tears
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Detached retina
Separation of the retina from the choroid in the back of the eye, can be caused by injury, tumor or hemorrhage
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Diabetic retinopathy
Degenerative changes of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus, may lead to blindness
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Exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of one/both eyeballs
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Glaucoma
Group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve
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Hordeolum
Infection of an oil gland of the eyelid, commonly called a sty
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Iridomalacia
Softening of the iris
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Iridoplegia
Paralysis of the iris
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Iritis
Inflammation of the iris
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Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea
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Keratomalacia
Softening of the cornea, usually associated with severe vit A deficiency
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Macular degeneration
Deterioration of the macula (central part of retina) causing impaired central vision, most commonly related to advancing age
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Nyctalopia
Poor vision in reduced light or at night, commonly called night blindness
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Nystagmus
Involuntary rhythmic movements of the eye
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Ophthalmalgia
Pain in the eye
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Ophthalmia
Condition of the eye characterized by severe conjunctivitis
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Ophthalmopathy
Disease of the eye
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Ophthalmoplegia
Paralysis of the eye muscle
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Photophobia
Extreme sensitivity to light
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Presbyopia
Impaired vision caused by old age
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Pterygium
Growth of conjunctival tissue over the cornea, usually associated with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
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Retinitis pigmentosa
Hereditary progressive deterioration of the retina causing nyctalopia & impaired vision
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Retinopathy
Any disease of the retina
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Scleritis
Inflammation of the sclera
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Sclerocalacia
Softening or thinning of the sclera
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Strabismus
Condition of ocular misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
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Xerophthalmia
Condition involving dry eyes
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Extraocular movement
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- Movement of the upper eyelids & eyeballs through use of the extra ocular muscles, assessed during clinical examination to screen for eye movement disorders
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Fluorescein angiography
Visualization & photographic recording of the flow of an orange fluorescent dye through the blood vessels of the eye
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Keratometer
Instrument for measuring the curvature of the cornea
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Ophthalmoscope
Instrument used for examining the interior of the eye through the pupil
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Ophthalmoscopy
Use of ophthalmoscope to view interior of the eye
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Pupillometer
Instrument for measuring the diameter of the pupil
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Pupillometry
Measurement of the pupil
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Refraction
Test using manual refractor to determine an exact vision prescription
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Snellen chart
Chart containing symbols that is used in the testing of visual acuity
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Tonometer
Instrument for measuring pressure within the eye
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Tonometry
Use of the tonometer to measure intraocular pressure within the eye, done to diagnose glaucoma
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Retinoscopy
Examination of the retina
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Visual acuity (VA) testing
Testing for the sharpness of distant vision, usually with a Snellen chart, normal =20/20
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Visual field (VF) testing
Assessment of the range visible to one eye without movement
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Blepharoplasty
Surgical repair of the eyelid
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Cataract extraction
Surgical removal of a cataract
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Cryoretinopexy
Surgical fixation of a detached retina/retinal tear by using extreme cold to seal the tear
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Dacrocystotomy
Incision into the tear sac
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Enucleation
Removal of an eyeball
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Intraocular lens (IOL) implant
Implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens
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Iridectomy
Excision of part of the iris
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Iridotomy
Incision in the iris, usually with a laser, to allow drainage of aqueous humor in therapy for narrow-angle glaucoma
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Keratoplasty
Surgical repair of the cornea, corneal transplantation
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Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
- (LASIK)
- Procedure that uses a laser to create a corneal flap & reshape corneal tissue, used to correct vision problems such as myopia, hyperopia & astigmatism
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Phacoemulsification
Use of ultrasound to shatter & break up a cataract, followed by aspiration & removal
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Photorefractive keratectomy
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- Procedure using a laser to reshape the cornea to correct vision
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Retinal photocoagulation
Repair of a retinal detachment or tear by using a laser beam to coagulate the tissue to allow a seal to form
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Scleral buckling
Repair of a retinal detachment by attaching a band around the sclera to keep the retina from pulling away
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Sclerotomy
Incision into the sclera
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Trabeculectomy
Surgical procedure to create a drain to reduce pressure within the eye
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Vitrectomy
Removal of all or part of the vitreous humor
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Corticosteroid
Drug that reduces inflammation, used to treat swelling & itching of the eye
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Hypotonic
Drug that relieves dry irritated eyes
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Miotic
Drug that constricts pupil
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Mydriatic
Drug that dilates pupil
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Prostaglandin
Drug that relaxes muscles in eye's interior structure to allow better outflow of fluids
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Optician
One who fills prescriptions for corrective lenses
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Optometry
Medical specialty concerned with the measurement of vision & prescription of corrective treatment or lenses
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Optometrist
One who practices optometry
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Ophthalmology
Medical specialty concerned with study of eye, its diseases & refractive errors
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Ophthalmologist
Physician who specializes in ophthalmology
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Auricle (pinna)
External portion of the ear
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External auditory meatus (external auditory canal)
Canal that extends from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
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Cerumen
Waxy substance created by glands of the external auditory meatus (earwax)
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Tympanic membrane
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- Eardrum, a semitransparent membrane that vibrates to transmit sound waves to the ossicles, separates external auditory meatus from middle ear cavity
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Mastoid bone & cells
Bone located behind the ear that is filled with air cavities & encloses the middle ear
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Pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube/auditory tube)
Tubular channel that runs from middle ear cavity to the pharynx
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Auditory ossicles
Middle ear bones contained in the tympanic cavity that transmit sound vibration
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Malleus
Auditory ossicle shaped like a hammer/club
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Incus
Auditory ossicle shaped like an anvil
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Stapes
Auditory ossicle shaped like a stirrup
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Labyrinth
Inner ear, which is made up of a series of semicircular canals, vestibule & cochlea
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Cochlea
Snail-shaped organ that contains the organ of hearing
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Spiral organ (organ of corti)
Receptor for hearing located within the cochlea, the organ of hearing
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Vestibule
Anatomic chamber such as that found in the inner ear
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Semicircular canals & ducts
Small tubes in the labyrinth that contain receptors that assist the body in maintaining balance
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Labyrinth/o
Labyrinth, inner ear
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Myring/o, tympan/o
Tympanic membrane, eardrum
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Dys-
Painful, difficult, abnormal
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-acousis, -acusis
Hearing
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-ectomy
Excision, surgical removal
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Acousting
Pt hearing/sound
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Labyrinthine
Pt labyrinth or inner ear
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Mastoid
Pt mastoid bone & cells
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Tympanic
Pt tympanic membrane or tympanic cavity
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Acoustic neuroma
Benign tumor that develops on the acoustic nerve (8th cranial nerve that connects the ear to brain) & causes hearing loss
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Cerumen impaction
Excessive buildup of earwax
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Cholesteatoma
Cyst like tumor of skin in middle ear behind tympanic membrane usually caused by chronic otitis media
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Conductive hearing loss
Hearing loss due to obstruction or lesion in outer &/or middle ear
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Dysacousia
Impairment of hearing involving difficulty in processing of sound
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Labyrinthitis
Inflammation of the inner ear
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Mastoiditis
Inflammation of the mastoid bone
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Meniere disease/syndrome
Chronic condition of inner ear characterized by dizziness, initus, hearing loss & sensation of pressure in the ear
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Myringitis
Inflammation of the tympanic membrane
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Otitis externa (OE)
Inflammation of the external auditory meatus, also known as "swimmer's ear"
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Otitis media (OM)
Inflammation of the middle ear
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Otomycosis
Fungal infection in the ear
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Otopyorrhea
Discharge of pus from the ear
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Otoclearosis
Hardening of the ossicles, particularly in stapes
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Presbycusis
Impaired hearing caused by old age
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Sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve
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Tinnitus
Noises in the ear, such as ringing, buzzing or humming
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Tympanic membrane perforation
Hole in or rupture of eardrum
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Vertigo
Spinning sensation, commonly known as dizziness
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Audiogram
Record of hearing (presented in graph form)
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Audiometer
Instrument for measuring hearing
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Audiometry
Measurement of hearing
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Decibel (dB)
Unit for expressing the intensity of sound
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Electronystagmography (ENG)
Recording of eye movements in response to electrical impulses to diagnose balance problems
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Hertz (Hz)
Unit of measure of frequency or pitch of sound
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Otoscope
Instrument for examining the ear
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Otoscopy
Use of an otoscope to examine the external auditory canal & tympanic membrane
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Tympanogram
Record of middle ear function (presented in graph form)
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Tympanometer
Instrument for measuring middle ear function
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Tympanometry
Measurement of middle ear function
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Cochlear implant
Electronic device implanted in cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve & provide hearing sensations for the profoundly deaf
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Ear lavage
Irrigation of the ear to remove cerumen buildup
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Labyrinthectomy
Excision of part of the labyrinth
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Mastoidectomy
Excision of the mastoid bone
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Mastoidotomy
Incision of the mastoid bone
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Myringotomy (tympanostomy)
Surgical repair of external ear
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Otoplasty
Surgical repair of external ear
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Stapedectomy
Removal of tapes & replacement with a prosthesis, done to correct hearing loss from otosclerosis
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Tympanoplasty
Surgical repair of tympanic membrane &/or middle ear
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Tympanostomy tube placement
Placement of tube in tympanic membrane to relieve symptoms caused by fluid buildup
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Antibiotic
Drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms, used to treat otitis media & other ear diseases caused by bacteria
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Ceruminolytic
Substance instilled into the external auditory canal to soften earwax
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Otic
Any medication that can be instilled into the ear drop by drop
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Audiology
Medical specialty concerned with the study & treatment of hearing disorders & fitting of hearing aids
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Audiologist
One who specializes in audiology
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Otology
Medical specialty concerned with the study of ears & treatment of ear disease
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Otologist
Physician specializes in otology
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Otorhinolaryngology
Medical specialty concerned with diseases of the ear, nose & throat
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Otorhinolaryngologist
Physician specializing in otorhinolaryngology
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