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The inner lining of the digestive tract.
Mucosa
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Second Layer of loose connective tissue that is immediately deep to the muscularis mucosae
Submucosa
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Band of smooth muscle cells creating the third layer of the digestive tract.
Muscularis Externa
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Inner layer of muscularis externa
Circular layer
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Outer layer of Muscularis Externa
Longitudinal layer
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Six Processes of Digestion
Ingestion, Mechanical Processing, Digestion, Secretion, Absorption, and Excretion.
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Occurs when food enters the digestive tract through the mouth.
Ingestion
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The physical manipulation of solid foods, first by the tongue and the teeth and then by swirling and mixing motions of the digestive tract.
Mechanical Processing
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The chemical breakdown of foods into small organic fragments that can be absorbed by the digestive epithelium.
Digestion
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The release of water, acids, enzymes, and buffers by the digestive tract and by the accessory organs.
Secretion.
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The movement of small organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium and into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract.
Absorption
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The removal of waste products from the body fluids.
Excretion
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Structure that transports materials to the stomach.
Esophagus
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Structures that secrete lubricating fluid containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates.
Salivary glands.
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Structure that muscularly propels materials into the esophagus.
Pharynx.
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Structure that facilitates chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes, and mechanical processing through muscular contractions.
Stomach
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Structure that facilitates enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions.
Small intestine.
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Features that mechanically process, moisten, and mix with salivary secretions.
Oral cavity, teeth, tongue.
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Structure that secretes bile, storage of nutrients, and many other vital functions.
Liver.
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Structure that stores and concentrates bile.
Gallbladder.
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Structure that contains exocrine cells which secrete buffers and digestive enzymes, and endocrine cells which secrete hormones.
Pancrease
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Structure with the purpose of dehydration and compaction of undigestible materials in preparation for elimination.
Large Intestines.
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The network of nerve fibers, sensory neurons, and parasympathetic motor neurons in the submucosa.
Submucosal plexus.
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Network of nerves in the Muscularis Externa
Myentric plexus.
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A serous membrane, covers the muscularis externa along most portions of the digestive tract within the peritoneal cavity.
Serosa
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Lines the inner surface of the body wall.
Parietal peritoneum
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Double sheets of serous membrane composed of the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum.
Mesenteries.
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What kind of cells in the smooth muscle of the digestive tract trigger waves of contraction, resulting in rhythmic cycles of activity?
Pacesetter cells
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The movement of material along the digestive tract.
Peristalsis
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The mechanical mixing of material in the digestive tract.
Segmentation.
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The mouth opens into the:
Oral cavity.
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Type of epithelium that lines the oral cavity:
Stratified squamous.
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Functions of the oral cavity
Senses and analyzes material before swallowing; mechanically processes material through the actions of the teeth, tongue, and surfaces of the palate; lubricates material by mixing it with mucus and salivary secretions; begins the digestion of carbohydrates and lipids with salivary enzymes.
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Another name for the Oral cavity.
buccal cavity.
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Name for lips
Labia/labium
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Space between the cheeks and the teeth.
vestibule
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Located on the "roof" of the mouth
Hard palate and soft palate
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Thin fold of mucous membrane that connects the free anterior portion of the tongue
Lingual Frenulum
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3 primary functions of the tongue:
Mechanical processing by compression, abrasion, and distortion; Manipulation to assist in chewing and to prepare the material for swallowing; Sensory analysis by touch, temperature and taste receptors.
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What are the pair of prominent lateral swelling at the base of the tongue?
Lingual Tonsils
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Salivary gland that lies on the lateral and posterior surface of the mandible
parotid salivary gland
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Salivary glands located beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth.
Sublingual Salivary glands
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Glands on the floor of the mouth along the inner surfaces of the mandible.
submandibular salivary glands
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How much saliva is produced by the salivary glands in a day?
1.0-1.5 liters/day
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What is the purpose of lysosomes in the saliva?
To control populations of or bacteria.
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The parotid gland produces a saliva rich in:
Salivary amylase
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