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Class
Antihistamine; anticholinergic.
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Mechanism of action
Blocks cellular histamine receptors; decreases vasodilation; decrease motion sickness. Reverses extrapyramidal reactions
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Indications
Symptomatic relief of allergies, allergic recations, anaphylaxis, acute dystonic reactions (phenothiazines). Blood administration reactions; used for motion sickness, hay fever.
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Contraindications
Asthma, glaucoma, pregnancy, hypertension, narrow angle glaucoma, infants, patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
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Adverse reaction
Sedation, hypotension seizures, seizures, visual disturbances, vomiting, urninary retention, palpitations, arrhythmias, dry mouth and throat, and paradoxical CNS excitation in children.
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Drug Interactions
Potentiates effects of alcohol and other anticholinergics, may inhibit corticossteroid activity; MAOIs prolong anticholinergic effects of diphenhydramine.
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How supplied
Tablets: 25, 50mg; Capsules: 25, 50mg; Prefilled syringes: 50- or 100-mg; vials (IV or IM); elixir, 12.5mg/5ml
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Dosage and administration
Adult: 25-50mg IM or IV or PO. Pediactric: 1-2mg/kg IV,IO slowly or IM. If given PO: 5mg/kg/24 hours.
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Duration of action
Onset: 15-30 minutes. Peak effect: 1 hour. Duration: 3-12 hours.
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Special considerations
Not used in infants or in pregnancy: Catergory B. If used in anaphylaxis, will be in conjunction with epinephrine, corticosteroids.
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