FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
Name the six pairs of cranial nerves that play a vital role in speech production.
trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
Is flaccid dysarthria caused by damage to the PNS or CNS?
PNS
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA The trigeminal nerve innervates the tensor palatine muscle. Bilateral damage to CN V would cause ________ to occur.
hypernasality
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA Bilateral damage to the trigeminal nerve would slow the client's rate of speech because...
of his/her reduced ability to elevate the jaw.
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
Damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) will usually affect the:
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
CN IX shapes the _________ into the appropriate positions to produce various phonemes correctly.
pharynx
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
Name the three branches of the Vagus Nerve (CN X).
the pharyngeal branch
the external superior laryngeal nerve branch
the recurrent nerve branch
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
Bilateral damage to the pharyngeal branch of CN X it will affect the muscles of the (a)_______ and will result in moderate to severe (b)_______.
(a) velum
(b) hypernasality
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
True or False: the external superior laryngeal nerve branch innervates the tensor palatine muscle.
False. It innervates the cricothyroid muscle of the larynx; which stretches and tenses the vocal folds during speech.
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
The recurrent nerve branch of CN X supplies the motor innervations to all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx EXCEPT...
the cricothyroid muscle, which is innervated by the external superior laryngeal nerve branch of the Vagus Nerve
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
The recurrent nerve branch is vital to _______ because it supplies innervation to the muscles that _______ and ________ the vocal folds.
phonation
abduct
adduct
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
Phonation on inhalation is also known as:
inhalatory stridor
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
True or False: the accessory nerve is not a pure cranial nerve.
true. it also contains neurons that branch out from the spinal cord.
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
Unilateral damage to the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) would cause the protruded tongue to:
deviate toward the affected side
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
Spinal Nerves: one of the most important nerves of respiration is the _______ nerve, which provides the motor innervations of the ________.
phrenic nerve
diaphragm
FLACCID DYSARTHRIA
True or False: Myasthenia Gravis and Guillain-Barre Syndrome are both possible etiologies of flaccid dysarthria.
True.
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA _________ are the most common cause of spastic dysarthria.
Strokes
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA It takes at least ______ ________ in each cerebral hemisphere to cause the bilateral damage to that leads to spastic dysarthria.
one stroke
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA In nearly all cases of individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, both _______ and _______ motor neurons are involved.
upper
lower
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA When individuals with ALS demonstrate spastic dysarthria, the following symptoms could be evident:
hyperactive gag and jaw reflexes
swallowing disorders
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA Multiple Sclerosis, which affects the myelin sheath, is generally associated with _____ ______.
mixed dysarthria
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA True or False: breathiness is the most distinguishable vocal quality found in spastic dysarthria.
false. a strained-strangled vocal quality is more noticeable in this dysarthria than any other. However, it does not occur consistently in all cases of spastic dysarthria.
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA True or False: The hypernasality associated with spastic dysarthria is generally not as severe as that in flaccid dysarthria.
true. the difference between the two is a matter of degree.
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA What causes the monopitch in spastic dysarthria?
An overall tenseness of the laryngeal muscles.
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA
As with monopitch, ______________ also is caused by increased muscle tone in the laryngeal muscles.
monoloudness
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA
Short phrasing is considered to be a problem of prosody because:
The energy expended on forcing subglottic air through hyper-adducted vocal folds makes it difficult for individuals with spastic dysarthria to produce utterances of a longer, more normal length.
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA
True or False:
Problems of respiration play as much a role in spastic dysarthria as they do flaccid dysarthria.
false.
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA
True or False:
Pseudobulbar affect is very typical os spastic dysarthria.
true.
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA __________ _________ is observed more often in spastic dysarthria than in the other types.
Pseudobulbar affect
SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA
The primary articulation error in spastic dysarthria is:
imprecise consonant production
UUMN Dysarthria in UUMN is mostly cuased by weakness in the ___________ _________ and the __________.
contralateral orbicularis
tongue
UUMN
True or False:
All individuals with UUMN will spontaneously recover from the speech deficits associated with it.
False
UUMN TRUE or FALSE:
Damage to the muscles in the lower face and tongue are the most apparent consequences of UUMN.
True.
UUMN
These two speech deficits are phenomenal in the case of UUMN dysarthria, because their appearances suggest that UUMN can affect the function of bilaterally innervated speech structures...
Hypernasality (the velopharyngeal function innervated by the vagus nerve) and a harsh vocal quality (the larynx also innervated by the vagus nerve)
UUMN TRUE or FALSE:
Strengthening tasks are helpful in treating UUMN.
False. Traditional articulation tasks probably would be more helpful than strengthening tasks.
