Chapter 6 - Slides 25-63

In infants what tissue is found in the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone.

In adults, what tissue is found in the diploe (spongy) of flat bones, and the head of the femur and humerus?

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

In the compact bone, what is the weight-bearing, column-like matrix tube composed mainly of collagen?

IN the compact bone, what is the central channel containing blood vessels and nerves?

In the compact bone, what is the channels lying at the right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the peristeum to that of the Haversian canal?

In a compact bone what is the mature bone cells called?

In the compact bone, what are the small cavities in the bone that contain osteocytes?

In the compact bone, what are the hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal?

What is the organic bone-forming cell called?

What are organic, mature bone cells?

What are the organic, large cells that resorb or breakdown bone matrix?

What are the organic, unmineralized bone matrix composed of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagen?

What is the in organic chemical composition of bone?

Hydroxyapatites is what percent of bone by mass?

Hydroxyapatites or mineral salt is mainly what?

What inorganic chemical composition is responsible for bone hardness and its resistance to compression?

What is the process of bone tissue formation?

What is the bone development called that cause the formation of the bony skeleton in embryos?

What is the bone development called that cause bone growth until early adulthood?

What is the bone development that causes bone thickness, remodeling, and repair?

What week does the formation of bony skeleton of embroyo begin?

What type of ossification do bone develop from a fibrous membrane?

What type of ossification do bones form by replacing hyaline cartilage?

Formation of most of the flat bones of the skull and the clavicle are done through which ossification formation?

In intramembranous ossification, fibrous connective tissue membranes are formed by what?

Steps of Intramembranous Ossification

Which ossification begins in the second month of development?

Which ossification uses hyaline cartilage "bones" as models for bone construction?

Which ossification requires breakdown of hyaline cartilage prior to ossification?

During infancy and childhood, epiphyseal plate activity is stimulated by what?

During puberty what initially promotes adolescent growth spurts?

During puberty, what causes masculinization and feminization of specific parts of the skeleton?

During puberty, what later induces epiphyseal plate closure, ending longitudinal bone growth?

In Bone remodeling, adjacent osteoblasts and osteoclasts deposit and resorb one at periosteal and endosteal surfaces. What is this called?

This occurs where bone is injured or added strength is needed.

This requires a diet rich in protein, vitamins C, D, and A, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese.

In bone deposition this is essential for mineralization of bone.

5 reasons Calcium is necessary in the body?

What mechanism maintains calcium homeostasis in the blood in Remodeling?

        &         forces acting on the skeleton regulate bone remodeling?

Stages of healing a bone fracture.

What stage of bone fracture does torn blood vessels hemorrhage?

What stage of bone fracture does a mass of clotted blod (hematoma) form at the fracture site?

At what stage in a bone fracture does the site become swollen, painful, and inflamed?

At what stage in a fracture does granulation tissue (soft callus) form a few days after the fracture?

At what stage in a bone fracture does capillaries grow into the tissue and phagocytic cells begin cleaning debris?

The fibrocartilaginous callus forms when:

      &          migrate to the fracture and begin restricting the bone.

The fibrocartilaginous callus forms when:

Fibroblasts secrete             fibers that connect broken bone ends.

The fibrocartilaginous callus forms when:

Osteoblast begin forming         bone?

The fibrocartilaginous callus forms when:

Osteoblasts furthest from capillaries secrete an externally bulging           matrix that later calcifies.

New bone trabeculae appears in the fibrocatilaginous callus in what stage of the bone fracture?

Fibrocartilaginous callus converts into a bony (hard) callus in what stage of the healing process?

IN the bony callus formation stage in bone healing, bone callus begins     to     weeks after injury, and continues until firm union is formed      to      months later. 

In what stage of the bone healing is excess material on the bone shaft exterior and in the medullary canal removed?

In what stage of bone healing is compact bone laid down to reconstruct shaft walls?

What are bones of children that are inadequately mineralized causing softened, weakened bones?

What causes bowed legs and deformaties of the pelvis, skull, and rib cage?

The cause of this is insufficient calcium diet, or by vitamin D deficiency.

This is a group of diseases in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit.

Treatment for Osteoporosis is:

At what age is most long bones well ossified?

At what age are nearly all bones ossified?