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Long Bone
Long, longitudinal axis, expanded ends (ie forearm. thigh)
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Short Bone
Cube like, lengths and widths roughly equal (i.e. wrist & ankle)
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Flat Bone
Plate like with broad surfaces (i.e. ribs, scapula & some skull bones)
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Irregual bones
variety of shapes, usually connected to other bones (i.e. vertebrae, many facial bones)
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Round/Sesamoid bones
smaller and nodular, embedded with in tendons, adjacent to joints (i.e patella)
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Epiphysis
Part of long bone - expanded portion of at each end, articulates with another bone
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Articular Cartilage/hyaline cartilage
- coats the articular surface of epiphysis
- (like ice on the end of the bones)
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Diaphysis
Shaft of bone, between epiphyses
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Periosteum
tough, fibrous vascular covering which is continuous with tendons, and ligaments, also functions in formation and repair of bone tissue
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Compact Bone
tightly packed tissue, no gaps
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Spongy bone
consists of numerous branching, bony plates called trabeculae
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Medullary cavity
hollow chamber with the dyaphysis of long bones (holds marrow)
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Processes
bony projections (attachment sites)
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Cyte
- mature cell (suffix)
- -Osteocytes are mature bone cells located in the lacunae
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Blasts
- Build (suffix)
- -Osteoblasts- cell that forms bone
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Clasts
- Collapse (suffix)
- -Osteoclaststs -cell that erode bone
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Bone tissue contains:
- Collagen for strenght and resillience (soft tissue)
- Inorganic salts- calcium & phosphorus (hard/solid tissue)
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3 functions of bones
- 1. Support & protection: (give shape-head, limbs; support body wt- lower limbs, vertebrae, pelvis; skull bones protect brain
- 2. Body movement: (bones & muscles interact during movement, bones act as levers)
- 3. Blood cell formation (Hematopoesis): takes place in bone marrow; also found in irregular spaces of spongy bones; Red marrow-forms RBC, WBC, Platelets; Yellow marrow-stores fat, NO hematopoesis in Yellow
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What are Function of Red vs Yellow Marrow
- Red- forms RBC, WBC, platelets
- Yellow- stores fat
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What is stored in Bone tissue?
Calcium & phosphorus = calcium phosphate
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How many bones in human skeleton?
206
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What are the 2 major divisions of the skeleton?
Axial skeleton--head, neck, & trunk
Appendicular skeleton- upper & lower limbs, bones that anchor limbs to axial skeleton
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Parts of Axial skeleton
Skull: cranium & facial bones
Vertebral Column: vertebrae separated by vertebral discs, sacrum, coccyx
Thoracic Cage: 12 pair ribs, sternum,
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4 Parts of Appendicular skeleton
- Pectoral girdle
- Upper limbs
- Pelvic girdle
- Lower limbs
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Parts of Upper limbs
- Humerus
- Radius (thumb side)Ulna (pinky side)
- Carpals (8- wrists)
- Metacarpals
- Phylanges
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Parts of Lower Limbs
- Femur
- Tibia (inner-shin bone)
- Fibula (outer side, smaller bone)
- Patella
- Tarsals (heel)
- Metatarsals
- Phylanges
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Condyle
Rounded process that usually articulates with another bone
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Crest
a narrow ridge like projection
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Epicondyle
a projection situated above a condyle
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Facet
(FUH-set) a small nearly flat surface
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Fissure
a cleft or groove
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Fontanel
soft spot in skull where membrane covers the spaces b/t the bones
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Foramen
an oppening through a bone that usually serves as passageway for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments
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Fossa
large pit or depression (ie scapula)
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Fovea
smaller pit or depression ie top of femur
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Head (bone)
an enlargement on the end of a bone, usually part of the articulates
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Linea
(line) a narrow ridge on a bone or connective tissue
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Meatus
a tube-like passage way w/in a bone (ie ear hole)
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Process
a prominent projection on a bone
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Ramus
branch or similar extenion off of main bone (ie pelvis, mandible)
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Sinus
a cavity w/in a bone
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Spine (on a bone)
a thorn-like projection (ie top of scapula, iliac crest)
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Suture
an interlocking line of union b/t bones (cranium)
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Trochanter
a large process (top of femur)
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Tubercle
a small, knob-like process (ie humerus)
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