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Name and briefly describe the 2 anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS): Cranial nerves, spinal nerves and ganglia.
Central nervous system (CNS): Brain and spinal cord
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The PNS is subdivided into 2 divisions. List them and state what kinds of signals they carry and where they carry them to.
Afferent:sensory information to the CNS (towards)
- Efferent: motor information to effectors
- (away)
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What are the 2 basic types of effectors that receive motor information from the nervous system?
Muscles and glands
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The afferent division carries signals to the spinal cord from 2 kinds of sensory receptors. Name them and state where they bring sensory information from.
Somatic: info we are conscious of from the skeletal muscles, joints, skin
Visceral: info we are generally unaware of from smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
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What kinds of sensors are located in the head and have their information carried back to the brain via cranial nerves?
Special senses
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What are two divisions of the efferent division and where do they deliver signals to ?
Somatic: mostly voluntary, info to skeletal muscles
Autonomic: involuntary, info to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands.
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What basic part of a neuron, generally occurring in multiples and highly branched, is stimulated by environmental changes or the activities of other cells ?
Dendrites
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What basic part of a neuron contains thenucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes and most other organelles?
Cell body (soma)
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What basic part of a neuron, occurring singly, conducts nerve impulses towards a synaptic terminal where the neuron communicates with another cell over a synapse?
Axon
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What type of neuron carries information to the CNS?
Sensory
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What type of neuron carries information from the CNS to effectors?
Motor
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What type of neuron is located entirely in the CNS where it analyzes sensory inputs and coordinates motor outputs?
Interneuron
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Name the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS and briefly describe their function.
Satellite cells: control ganglion microenvironment
Schwann cells: myelin sheath
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What dominates white matter?
Myelinated axons
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What dominates gray matter?
unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, dendrites
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what do we call bundles of neuron cell bodies found outside of the CNS?
Ganglia
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Neuroglia in CNS: control interstitial environment, blood brain barrier
Astrocytes
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Neuroglia in CNS: myelin sheath
Oligodendrocytes
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Neuroglia in CNS: phagocytes
microglia
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Neuroglia in CNS: CSF
Ependymal cells
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