Nutrition

• over nutrition - eating too much of something
• under nutrition - eating too little of something

• high saturated fat intake
• high cholesterol
• insufficient water intake
• diet high in processed foods

• lack of exercise in relation to energy intake
• smoking 
• stress
• genetics

Obesity arises when the intake of food is greater than physical output

• body mass index
• tape measure
• skin fold measures
• underweight weighing

Diabetes is a condition where your body can't properly control the amount of glucose in you blood -> insulin (hormone) is needed for transferring glucose from the blood stream to enter the blood cells and be converted to energy

• Type I Diabetes: the body does not produce insulin hence insulin must be injected
• Type II Diabetes: the body cannot use insulin properly (it is insulin resistant) and the pancreas may not make enough insulin -> treated by diet, exercise and or tablets, injections may be required

Anaemia can be the result of Iron deficiency (iron forms haemoglobin in RBC to carry Oxygen) -> small RBC with too little colour, Folate deficiency or Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

• Osteoperosis is the lack of calcium (and Vitamin D and C which assists calcium absorption). Vitamin A also influences growth of bones and teeth
• Bones become porous (lots of holes) and fragile (easily broken) due to loss of minerals
• if calcium balance is not maintained, calcium from the skeleton (bones) is reabsorbed and can cause bone loss -> decrease in bone density

Diverticular Disease is caused from constipation -> intestine walls thicken and muscle contractions are not able to easily propel from faeces therefore increase pressure in the bowel (large intesting) -> constant build up of pressure causes the bowl walls to burst which forms diverticula. Causes of constipation include lace of fibre, lack of water (fluid), and 'holding on' - not going to the toilet strait away -> when the pouches becom infected, Diverticular Disease occurs

• Encourages:
• variety of foods within a food group (since foods differ in nutritional value)
• variety of food between food groups to get all nutrient requirements (different groups provide different nutrients)
• portion requirements are specified
• Low-fat, low-salt, high fibre and moderate sugar intake

• encourages eating reccommended intakes of fruit and vegetables
• suggested ways to incorporate 2 fruits and 5 vegetables into the diet each day (teaching how) eg. adding more veges to the topping
• encourages eating local produce

• encourages people to think of alternatives for healthy lifestyle. eg. swapping sitting on the couch playing x-box to going out and playing in the park
• encourages swapping large portions to small ones