Chapter 7

the expression of patriosim through the arts

a song originating in the 1800's with closely integrated words and music composed with artistic intent and collaboration in chamber music style that are miniuture masterpieces of the romantic period

the philosophy of the demonstration of excitement high drama and emotion

the lack of tonality or a center of pitch in a musical work

• personal emotion
• tragedy 
• unrequited love
• mystical and mythical belief and tales
• nationalism 
• belief in the equality of a man
• the unecumbered human spirit and bold experimentation
• the formality of the classical period gave way to a freewheeling emotional style in which rules are considered an inhibition of the aesthetics of the artist or composer
• the shift of political climate fro the royality as the primary focus of wealth and power to the rising middle class who began to amass great wealth as well as political power was a reality in this societal change.
• this caused more income for people to be able to support the arts it also allowed for the purchase of instruments,this allowed for musicians to experiment with their
• mediums 
• politicla agenda
• nationalism 
• personal emotion
• romantic creators of of art tended to work in tragic times to produce good art.
• the expression of the art in this period tends to be melodramatic and emotional almost overwhelming

• 1797-1828 was a contemporary of beethoven but his personality was more like mozart
• he had a bohemian lifestyle and never had $ success for his works 
• he did
• sonatas 
• string quartet 
• choral music
• operas
• he is the father of the art song
• though he was not the creator

• they were concerned with carrying on the ideals of beethoven and whether this meant to continue to work within the bounds of traditional classical forms
• out of this came 2 separate groups that formed due to disagreement 
• the radicals and the conservative 
• CONSERVATIVE
• they believed that they were following i n the steps of beethoven by remaining committed to writing symphony and string quartet and other traditional  forms of the classical period

• was the unofficial leader of the conservative romantic composers 
• he was discovered by Schumman 
• he was in love with clara 
• he was an established composer of piano
• music 
• orchestral 
• choral  
• chamber
• avoided symphonie out of respect for beethoven
• but his 4 symphonies are all masterpieces
• he is the most contrapuntal of the romantic composers 
• his music fallows some of the past but has true romantic spirit

• composer of symphonies
• piano music
• choral 
• art songs
• chamber music
• and he was the editor of the NEW JOURNAL OF MUSIC 
• he was also married to clara weick schumman
• but her dad disapproved of the relationship
• and she died of a mental illness that might have been caused by depression

• they felt that they were fallowing the steps of beethoven as strongly as the conservative  
• they felt as if beethoven was consistently moving away from the constraints of the forms of classical period in his latter compositions and they wished to further expand that experimentation these composers sought realsim and emotion in their work

• _{was also a promoter of realism in his compositions}
• he was also a composer
• he was a superstar on the piano and he also had charm with his women admirers
• but he was a serious composer and he created the tone poem
• which is a large extended single movement composition that attempts to describe a place or person  
• piano
• chamber 
• great deal of church music 

 

• was the leader for the  radical romantic composers 
• wagner led the radicals wit great emotion and pride 
• great literary background and political agenda
• he focused on operas and had themes that were highly provocative sexualy he also expanded on berlioz idea of idee fixed 
• instead he called these leitmotifs or leading motives
• characters were introduced in the opera were props and emotions his works also foreshadows atonality of the 20th century

• was trained in literature and had a significant literally gift 
• he was largely a self thought musician and never became an accomplished performer on any instrument 
• he wrote works which required tons of performers he became known  as the master of orchestration he concentrated more on emotion rather that form 
• most of his writings come from program music
• idde fixed 
• fixed idea
• serves as a unifying thread that runs throughout an extended work and provides a means to solidify a composition

• countries throughout europe started to adapt to the concepts of value of common man patriotism ethnic  pride and renewed appreciation of folk music combined with greater access to music training and appreciation in a number of developing countries led many composers to break with German tradition 
• composers wrote music that reflected their homeland traditions and national pride
• Fredric Chopin 1810-1849
• piotr ilyitch Tchaikovsky 1839-1908
• bedrich smetana 1824-1884

• by the end of the 19th century there was a problem with the music world due to; radical composers vs the conservative rise of nationalism and the reaction against realism 
• impressionism
• expressionism
• and primitive all have their roots in the final years of the romantic period as a reaction to realism emotionalism
• and Germanic musical style