a song originating in the 1800's with closely integrated words and music composed with artistic intent and collaboration in chamber music style that are miniuture masterpieces of the romantic period
realism
the philosophy of the demonstration of excitement high drama and emotion
atonality
the lack of tonality or a center of pitch in a musical work
romantic ideals
personal emotion
tragedy
unrequited love
mystical and mythical belief and tales
nationalism
belief in the equality of a man
the unecumbered human spirit and bold experimentation
the formality of the classical period gave way to a freewheeling emotional style in which rules are considered an inhibition of the aesthetics of the artist or composer
the shift of political climate fro the royality as the primary focus of wealth and power to the rising middle class who began to amass great wealth as well as political power was a reality in this societal change.
this caused more income for people to be able to support the arts it also allowed for the purchase of instruments,this allowed for musicians to experiment with their
mediums
politicla agenda
nationalism
personal emotion
romantic creators of of art tended to work in tragic times to produce good art.
the expression of the art in this period tends to be melodramatic and emotional almost overwhelming
franz schubert
1797-1828 was a contemporary of beethoven but his personality was more like mozart
he had a bohemian lifestyle and never had $ success for his works
he did
sonatas
string quartet
choral music
operas
he is the father of the art song
though he was not the creator
the conservative romantic composers
they were concerned with carrying on the ideals of beethoven and whether this meant to continue to work within the bounds of traditional classical forms
out of this came 2 separate groups that formed due to disagreement
the radicals and the conservative
CONSERVATIVE
they believed that they were following i n the steps of beethoven by remaining committed to writing symphony and string quartet and other traditional forms of the classical period
Johannes Brahms 1833-1897
was the unofficial leader of the conservative romantic composers
he was discovered by Schumman
he was in love with clara
he was an established composer of piano
music
orchestral
choral
chamber
avoided symphonie out of respect for beethoven
but his 4 symphonies are all masterpieces
he is the most contrapuntal of the romantic composers
his music fallows some of the past but has true romantic spirit
robert schumman 1810-1856
composer of symphonies
piano music
choral
art songs
chamber music
and he was the editor of the NEW JOURNAL OF MUSIC
he was also married to clara weick schumman
but her dad disapproved of the relationship
and she died of a mental illness that might have been caused by depression
radical romantic composers
they felt that they were fallowing the steps of beethoven as strongly as the conservative
they felt as if beethoven was consistently moving away from the constraints of the forms of classical period in his latter compositions and they wished to further expand that experimentation these composers sought realsim and emotion in their work
franz liszt 1811-1886
was also a promoter of realism in his compositions
he was also a composer
he was a superstar on the piano and he also had charm with his women admirers
but he was a serious composer and he created the tone poem
which is a large extended single movement composition that attempts to describe a place or person
piano
chamber
great deal of church music
richard wagner 1813-1883
was the leader for the radical romantic composers
wagner led the radicals wit great emotion and pride
great literary background and political agenda
he focused on operas and had themes that were highly provocative sexualy he also expanded on berlioz idea of idee fixed
instead he called these leitmotifs or leading motives
characters were introduced in the opera were props and emotions his works also foreshadows atonality of the 20th century
hector berlioz 1803-1869
was trained in literature and had a significant literally gift
he was largely a self thought musician and never became an accomplished performer on any instrument
he wrote works which required tons of performers he became known as the master of orchestration he concentrated more on emotion rather that form
most of his writings come from program music
idde fixed
fixed idea
serves as a unifying thread that runs throughout an extended work and provides a means to solidify a composition
nationalism
countries throughout europe started to adapt to the concepts of value of common man patriotism ethnic pride and renewed appreciation of folk music combined with greater access to music training and appreciation in a number of developing countries led many composers to break with German tradition
composers wrote music that reflected their homeland traditions and national pride
Fredric Chopin 1810-1849
piotr ilyitch Tchaikovsky 1839-1908
bedrich smetana 1824-1884
the coming of the modern age
by the end of the 19th century there was a problem with the music world due to; radical composers vs the conservative rise of nationalism and the reaction against realism
impressionism
expressionism
and primitive all have their roots in the final years of the romantic period as a reaction to realism emotionalism