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tried to impose forms of worship; caused English Civil War; was executed
King Charles I
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rule by one, usually a king
monarchy
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rule by a few, usually an elite group
aristocracy
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rule by many, people have equal voice
democracy
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people elect representatives to exercise power for them
republic
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political philosophy maintained that the king was divinely appointed and therefore could dictate and enforce not just civil behavior, but also religious beliefs
Divine Right of Kings
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The principle that people should be free to believe whatever religious ideas they hold true
Liberty of Conscience
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Luther argued a person's life is divided into 2 spheres: one deals with a person's physical life in society; the other deals with a person's spiritual life
creator/redeemer distinction
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"If the prince fails in his promise, the people are exempt from obedience, the contract is made void."
social contract theory
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Scottish Presbyterians/English Puritans/French Huguenots
all followers of Calvin
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Reformation leaders
Martin Luther-from Germany/John Calvin-Geneva, Switzerland; John Knox-Scotland
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classic statement of Protestant reformation
Westminster Confession and Catechism
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became Lord Protector of England after the English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell
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wrote Two Treatises of Government/Letters Concerning Toleration/Carolina Constitution Greatly Influenced founding of America
John Locke
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reason and conscience are the criteria for religion
Unitarian
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God as creator but not sustainer. He created, then left.
Deism
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roughly 1600s-1700s taught that science and philosophy are the means to find truth, even new truth
the Enlightenment
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wrote Lex Rex (Law is King)
Samuel Rutherford
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wrote Discourses Concerning Government which has been called the "textbook for the American Revolution"
Algernon Sidney
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We Hope In God-those against the King (Charles II, at first)
Whigs
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those who supported the King
Tories
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King James II bloodlessly dethroned, replaced by William and Mary (James' daughter)
Glorious Revolution
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a group loyal to the king (Charles I) during the civil war and the old way of doing things
Cavaliers
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a group that wanted to remain true to their Protestant beliefs during England's civil war
Roundheads
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