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darkened area surrounding nipple

smallest structures of mammary glands

thin yellow fluid precursor of milk secreted for a few days after birth

suspensory ligaments fibrous bands extending from the inner breast surface to the chest wall muscles

benign breast mass

Excessive breast development in the male

serosanguineous nipple discharge

nipples that are depressed or invaginated

conveying milk

pain in breast

inflammation of the breast

sebaceous glands in the areola secrete protective lipid during lactation also called tubercles of Montgomery

intraductal carcinoma in the breast

orange-peel appearance of breast due to edema

dimple or pucker of the skin

atrophic pink purple or whit linear streaks on the breasts associated with pregnancy excessive weight gain or rapid growth during adolescence

minute extra nipple along the embryonic milk line

extension of breast tissue into the axilla

functional units of the lung the thin walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

manubriosternal angle the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum continuous with the second rib

cessation of breathing

an abnormal respiratory condition associated with allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens characterized by bronchospasm wheezong and dyspnea

an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed shrunken deflated section of alveoli

slow breathing <10 breaths per minute regular rate

one of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divide

inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstructon of bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion

the spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope which sounds soft muffled and indistinct over normal lung tissue

the normal breath sound heard over major bronchi characterized by moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration

a functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction

millions of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree

the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate as in pneumonia

abnormal discontinuous adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration

Coarse crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue

passageways that transport air but are not available for gaseous exchange

difficult labored breathing

the voice sound of "eeeee" heard through the stethoscope

the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles

the narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs

a palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wall

a coarse grating adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed

(hypercarbia) increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

increased rate and depth of breathing

decreased level of oxygen in the blood

space between the ribs

a type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis

ability to breathe easily only in an upright position

sudden awakening from sleeping with shortness of breath

striking over the chest wall with short sharp blows of the fingers

abnormal fluid between the layers of the pleura

low pitched musical snoring adventitious lung sound caused by airflow obstruction from secretions

rapid shallow breathing >24 breaths per minute

the soft low-pitched normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields

the amount of air following maximal inspiration that can be exhaled

high pitched musical squeaking adventitious lung sound

a whispered phrase heard through the stethoscope that sounds faint and inaudible over normal lung tissue

sword shaped lower tip of the sternum

defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis trauma or congenital defect

loss of appetite for food

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity associated with congestive heart failure cirrhosis cancer or portal hypertension

loud gurgling bowel sounds signaling increased motility or hypertension occurs with early bowel obstruction gastroenteritis diarrhea

blowing swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded

first or proximal part of large intestine

inflammation of the gallbladder

lower boarder of rib margin formed by the medial edges of the 8th,9th, and 10th ribs

angle formed by the 12th rib and the vertebral column on the posterior thorax overlying the kidney

midline longitudinal ridge in the abdomen a separation of abdominal rectus muscles

difficulty swallowing

name of abdominal region between the costal margins

abnormal enlargement of liver

abnormal protrusion of bowel through weakening in abdominal musculature

ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine forming lower border of abdomen

midline tendinous seam joining the abdominal muscles

complete absence of peristaltic movement that may follow abdominal surgery or complete bowel obstruction

rough grating sound heard through the stethoscope over the site of peritoneal inflammation

inflammation of peritoneum

congenital narrowing of pyloric sphincter forming outflow obstruction of stomach

(heartburn) burning sensation in upper abdomen due to reflux of gastric acid

midline abdominal muscles extending from rib cage to pubic bone

abnormally sunken abdominal wall as with malnutrition or underweight

abnormal enlargement of spleen

(lineae albicantes) silvery white or pink scar tissue formed by stretching of abdominal skin as with pregnancy or obesity

name of abdominal region just superior to pubic bone

high-pitched musical drumlike percussion note heard when percussing over the stomach and intestine

depression on the abdomen marking site of entry of umbilical cord

internal organs

moving a body part away from an axis or the median line

moving a body part toward the center or toward the median line

immobility consolidation and fixation of a joint because of disease injury or surgery most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthritis

inability to perform coordinated movements

enclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located in joint areas of potential friction

moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bone

directed toward or located on the surface

flexion contracture of the fingers due to chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia

moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

straightenting a limb at a joint

bending a limb at the joint

round cystic nontender nodule overlying a tendon sheath or joint capsule usually on dorsum of wrist

lateral or outward deviation of the great toe

moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine: hunchback

fibrous band running directly from one bone to another bone that strengthens the joint

inward or concave curvature of the lumbar spine

center of the intervertebral disk

bony projection of the ulna at the elbow

Kneecap

surface of the sole of the foot

turning the forearm so that the palm is down

moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

Extent of movement of a joint

moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

chronic systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue

nerve pain along the course of the sciatic nerve that travels down from the back or thigh through the leg and into the foot

S-shaped curvature of the thoracic spine

turning the forearm so that the palm is up

(clubfoot) Congenital deformity of the foot in which it is plantar flexed and inverted

strong fibrous cord that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone

(wryneck) contraction of the cervical neck muscles producing torsion of the neck