-
What are the 4 medical word elements?
- word root
- combining form
- suffix
- prefix
-
A word root is
the foundation of a medical term and contains its primary meaning
-
4 things that greek roots describe
- disease
- condition
- treatment
- diagnosis
-
latin roots describe
anatomical structure
-
Combinging form is
- when a word root is combined with a vowel
- Usually and "o" or "I"
-
Suffix is
a word element placed at the end of the word
-
Suffix usually describes 5 different things
- a pathology (disease or abnormality)
- symptom
- surgical
- diagnostic
- part of speech
-
Prefix is
- attached at the beginning of a word
- (not in all medical terms)
-
5 things a prefix usually indicates
- number
- time
- position
- direction
- negation
-
3 steps to define medical word
- 1. define suffix
- 2.define first part
- 3. define middle parts
-
-Centesis
Surgical Puncture
-
-Clasis
To Break; Surgical Fracture
-
-desis
Binding, fixation (Of a bone or joint)
-
-Ectomy
Surgical Removal, Excision
-
-Lysis
Seperation, destruction; loosening
-
-pexy
Fixation (of an organ)
-
-
-
-Stomy
Forming an artificial Opening
-
-
-
-
-
-graph
Instrument for recording
-
-graphy
Process of Recording
-
-meter
Instrument for measuring
-
-
-scope
instrument for examining
-
-scopy
Visual examination
-
-
-
-
-ectasis
dilation, expansion
-
-
-
-
-gen
forming, producing, origin
-
-genesis
forming, producing, origin
-
-iasis
abnormal condition (produced by something specific)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-osis
abnormal condition; increase (used primary with blood cells)
-
-
-penia
decrease, deficiency
-
-phagia
eating, swallowing
-
-
-
-plasia
formation, growth
-
-
-
-ptosis
prolapse, downward displacement (drooping)
-
-
-
-
-
-schlerosis
abnormal condition of hardening
-
-
-
-
-trophy
nourishment, development
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-iatry
medicine, treatment
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4 Suffix types
- Surgical
- diagnostic
- pathological
- grammatical
-
Compound words
are words that contain more then one word root
-
Surgical Suffix describes
a type of invasive procedure performed on a body part
-
Diagnostic suffix describes
procedure performed to identify the cause and nature of an illness
-
Pathological suffix describes
an abnormal condition or disease
-
Grammatical suffixes are
attached to word roots to form parts of speech
-
-
-
pre-
- before, in front of
- (Position)
-
pro-
- before, in front of
- (Position)
-
retro-
- backward behind
- (Position)
-
-
-
-
-
hyper-
excessive, above normal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
dia-
- through, across
- (direction)
-
trans-
- through, across
- (direction)
-
ecto-
- outside, outward
- (direction)
-
exo-
- outside, outward
- (direction)
-
extra-
- outside, outward
- (direction)
-
-
-
para-
- near, beside, beyond
- (direction)
-
-
supra-
- above, excessive, superior
- (direction)
-
ultra-
- excess, beyond
- (direction)
-
a-
- without, not
- (used before consonant)
-
an-
- without, not
- (used before a vowel)
-
-
-
-
dys-
bad, painful, difficult
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
syn-
- union, together, joined
- (appears as sym- before "b, p, ph, or m")
-
-
4 Prefix types
- position
- number
- measurement
- direction
-
5 levels of organization
- cell
- tissue
- organ
- system
- organism
-
3 planes of the body
- Midsagittal (median)
- Coronal (frontal)
- Transverse (superior and inferior)
-
Anatomical division of the midsagittal
right and left halves
-
anatomical division of the coronal
anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects
-
anatomical division of the transverse
superior (upper) and inferior (lower) aspects
-
2 main cavities
- Dorsal (posterior)
- ventral (anterior)
-
Dorsal includes
cranial and spinal cavities
-
ventral includes
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
-
-
-
-
-
Left Hypochondriac
upper left region beneath the ribs
-
epigastric
Region above the stomach
-
Right hypochondriac
upper right region beneath the ribs
-
Left Lumbar
left middle lateral region
-
umbilical
region of the naval
-
right lumbar
right middle lateral region
-
left inguinal
left lower lateral region
-
hypogastric
lower middle region beneath the naval
-
right inguinal
right lower lateral region
-
4 major tissues in body
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nervous
-
Anatomical position
body posture used to locate anatomical parts in relation to each other
-
Midsagittal
median (halves)
-
coronal
frontal (front and back)
-
transverse
horizontal (upper and lower)
-
2 major organs in the dorsal cavities
-
2 major organs in the ventral cavities
- thoracic (heart, lungs, and associated structures)
- abdominopelvic (digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs and structures)
-
Abduction
moving away from the midsoggital plane of body (ie: fingers apart, arm up)
-
Adduction
movement toward midsoggital plane of body (ie: fingers together, arm down)
-
Medial
pertaining to the midline of the body
-
lateral
pertaining to a side
-
superior
toward head or upper portion of structure
-
inferior
away from head, toward tail or lower part of structure
-
proximal
nearer to the center
-
distal
further from center
-
anterior (ventral)
front of body
-
posterior (dorsal)
Back of body
-
parietal
pertaining to outer wall of body cavity
-
visceral
pertaining to viscera, internal organs, abdominal organs
-
prone
lying on abdomen, face down
-
supine
lying horizontally, face up
-
inversion
turning inward, inside out
-
-
-
-
superficial
toward surface of body
-
deep
away from surface of body
-
ankl/o
stiffness, bent, crooked
-
-
-
lamin/o
lamina (part of vertebrae arch)
-
-
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
calcane/o
calcaneum (heel bone)
-
-
-
clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
-
-
-
-
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
-
fibul/o
fibula (smaller bone of lower leg)
-
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
-
ili/o
ilium (lateral part of the hip bone)
-
ischi/o
ischium (lower part of hip bone)
-
lumb/o
loins (lower back)
-
metacarp/o
metacarpus (hand bones)
-
metatars/o
metatarsus (foot bones)
-
patell/o
patella (knee cap)
-
-
phalang/o
phalanges (finger and toe bones)
-
-
pub/o
pelvis bone (anterior)
-
radi/o
radiation, x-ray, radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)
-
spondyl/o
vertebrae (back bone)
-
vertebr/o
vertebrae (back bone)
-
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
-
tibi/o
tibia (larger bone of lower leg)
-
leiomy/o
smooth muscle (visceral)
-
-
-
rhabd/o
rod shaped (striated)
-
rhabdomy/o
rod shaped muscle
-
-
fasci/o
band, fascia (fibrous membrane)
-
fibr/o
fiber, fibrous tissue
-
synov/o
synovial, membrane, synovial fluid
-
-
-
-
-asthesnia
weakness, debility
-
-
-clasia
to break; Surgical fracture
-
-clast
to break; surgical fracture
-
-desis
binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)
-
-
-
-
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
-
-scopy
visual examination
-
a-
without, not (before consonant)
-
dys-
bad, painful, difficult
-
-
supra-
above, excessive, superior
-
syn-
union, together, joined
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
kerat/o
horny tissue, hard; cornea
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
scler/o
hardenig; scera (white of eye)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
hyper-
excessive, above normal
-
-
macule
- flat lesion
- pigmented
- circumferenced area less then 1cm
- examples- freckle, flat mole
-
papule
- elevated
- less then 1 cm
- may be same color as skin, or pigmented
- exampes- wart, pimple, psoriasis
-
vesicle
- elevated
- fluid filled
- less then 0.5cm
- examples- shingles, chicken pox
-
nodule
- palpable
- circumscribed lesion
- larger and deeper then papule (0.6cm-2cm)
- extends into derma area
- examples - benign or malgnant tumor
-
pustule
- small, raised, cirumscribed
- fluid filled
- contains pus
- less then 1cm
- examples - acne, scabies
-
tumor
- solid, elevated
- larger then 2cm
- extends into dermal and subcutaneos layers
- example- lipoma
-
bulla
- fluid filled
- a vesicle or blister larger then 1cm
- examples- second degree burns
-
wheal
- elevated
- firm, rounded, varies in size, shape and color
- solid
- accompanied by itching
- examples- hives, bites
-
exoriations
- linear scratch marks, or traumatized scratch marks
- examples- scratchs, chemical or thermal burns
-
fissure
- small slit or crack like sore that extends into dermal layer.
- caused by continuous inflammation or drying
-
ulcer
- open sore or lesion that extends to dermis, heals with scarring
- example - pressure sore, basal cell carcinoma
-
-
8 primary lesions
- macule
- papule
- nodule
- tumor
- wheal
- vesicle
- pustule
- bulla
-
-
-
-
-
benign or malignant tumor
nodule
-
-
-
-
second degree burns
bulla
-
-
7 elevated lesions
- papule
- nodule
- tumor
- wheal
- vesicle
- pustule
- bulla
-
3 depressed lesions (loss of skin)
-
-
-
hard palate
anterior portion
-
soft palate
posterior portion
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland
-
-
-
-
-
duoden/o
duodenum (first part of small intestine)
-
-
jejun/o
jejunum (second part of small intestine)
-
ile/o
ileum (last part of small intestine)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ascites
abnormal accymulation of fluid in abdominal cavities
-
cachexia
state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting
-
cirrhosis
yellowing of skin due to liver disease
-
crohn disease
form of inflammatory bowel disease, usually of ileum
-
fecalith
fecal concretion
-
flatus
gas in gastrointestinal tract
-
halitosis
foul- smelling breath
-
leukoplakia
white patches on mucous membrane of cheek
-
obstipation
intractable constipation
-
steatorrhea
passage of fat in large amounts in feces
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
-
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
anthrac/o
coal, coal dust
-
atel/o
incomplete, imperfect
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
dys-
bad, painful, difficult
-
-
-
anosmia
absence or decrease in smell
-
apnea
temporary loss of breathing
-
atelectasis
collapsed or airless lung
-
consolidation
loss of sponginess of lungs due to enlargement
-
coryza
head cold- inflammation of nose
-
deviated septum
displacement of middle nose cartilage
-
emphysema
decrease in alveolar elasticity
-
-
exudate
inflammatory fluid high in protein with blood and cells
-
hypoxemia
deficiency of oxygen in blood
-
hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen in tissues
-
-
pleurisy
inflammation of pleural membrane
-
pneumoconiosis
dust particles found in lungs
-
pulmonary edema
excessive fluid in lungs- causes cough and dyspnea
-
surfactant
phospholipid allows lung to expand with ease
-
transudate
noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with less protein
-
tubercles
granulomas associated with tuberculosis
-
edema
abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces
-
suppuration
producing of pus
-
hematopoiesis occurs at what site
bone marrow
-
complicated fracture
when a bone has injured another organ
-
comminuted fracture
broken bone that causes an external wound
-
tissue type that forms blood fat and fibroblasts
connective
-
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disease
-
impetigo
inflammatory skin disease characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
-
protects against infection
sebum
-
debridement
removes necrotized tissue from wound
-
-
pediculosis is caused by
lice
-
-
basal layer includes cells called
melanocytes
-
lentigo
a small brown macule on skin caused by sun exposure
-
pruritus
itching of hands
-
lunula
growth area of the nail
-
eschar
damaged tissue following a severe burn
-
antiseptics
applied agents that inhibit growth of bacteria
-
-
volvulus
life threating obstruction when bowel twists itself
-
-
villi
fingerlike projections in small intestine, that absorb nutrients into bloodstream
-
peristalsis
progressive wavelike movement occurs involuntary in hollow tubes
-
rugae
mucosal folds in stomach wall
-
peptic ulcer
produces hole in stomach wall
-
colostomies
divert fecal flow to a bag outside of body
-
anastomosis
removes polyps from vessel
|
|
